Heinrich Joseph Johann von Bellegard ( German: Heinrich Joseph Johann von Bellegarde ; August 29, 1757 - July 22, 1845 ) - Count, Austrian field marshal and statesman.
| Heinrich Joseph Johann von Bellegard | |||||||||||||||
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| him. Heinrich Joseph Johann von Bellegarde | |||||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | August 29, 1757 | ||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Dresden | ||||||||||||||
| Date of death | July 22, 1845 (87 years old) | ||||||||||||||
| Place of death | Vein | ||||||||||||||
| Affiliation |  Saxony Holy Roman Empire Austrian Empire | ||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1771 - 1816 , 1820 - 1825 | ||||||||||||||
| Rank | Field Marshal | ||||||||||||||
| Commanded | president of the gofkrigsrat Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetian Kingdom | ||||||||||||||
| Battles / wars | Austro-Turkish War (1787-1791) First coalition war Second Coalition War Third Coalition War Fifth Coalition War War of the sixth coalition Neapolitan War (1815) | ||||||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Biography
Born on August 29, 1757 in the city of Dresden in the family of the Saxon Minister of War Johann Franz von Bellegard . It came from an ancient Saxon count family. In 1771 he entered the Austrian service. In 1788 - 1789, a colonel, at the head of a dragoon regiment, distinguished himself in the war against Turkey . In 1792 he was promoted to major general.
In 1793 - 1794 he fought against the French Republic in the Netherlands, proved himself a brave and talented commander. In 1794 he was appointed chief of staff in the army of the cavalry general Count Wurmser on the Upper Rhine. When Archduke Karl took command of the Austrian army, Bellegard was promoted to Field Marshal Lieutenant on March 4, 1796, and appointed a member of his Military Council. In 1797 he participated in the conclusion of the Leoben truce .
In 1799, he was put at the head of the corps in Tirol , whose task was to protect communications between the armies of Suvorov and Archduke Charles. On March 20, he defeated Lekurb at Finstermunets , but on June 20 Moro was defeated at Giuliano . Then he participated in the siege of Alessandria and the battle of Novi .
After the defeat of the Austrians at Marengo, he replaced Melas as commander of the army in Italy. December 25, 1800 was defeated by General Bryun at Pozolo and retreated behind Mincio and Addu . January 15, 1801 was forced to sign a truce in Treviso , under the terms of which he pledged to transfer the fortresses of Mantua , Peschiera and Legnago to the French.
After the conclusion of the Luneville Peace, he was left to command the Austrian forces in Venice . In 1801 he was promoted to cavalry general and appointed commander of the forces in Inner Austria and a member of the Hofkrigsrat - the court military council.
In the campaign of 1805, he commanded a corps as part of the army of Archduke Charles in Italy. At the battle of Caldiero, he commanded the right flank of the Austrian army.
After the conclusion of peace, he took the post of commander in chief in Graz , and from December 3, 1806 - in Galicia .
In the campaign of 1809 he led the 1st Army Corps (about 38 thousand people) and the army (1st and 2nd Army Corps) in the Upper Palatinate . Knocked out parts of the corps of Davout from Regensburg , and then joined with his troops to Archduke Karl. He distinguished himself in the battles of Ekmule , Aspern , Wagram and Znaime . September 12, 1809 promoted to Field Marshal .
After the Schonbrunn peace , in 1809-1813 he was president of the Hofkrigsrat, remaining at the same time commander in chief in Galicia. He participated in the reorganization of the Austrian army.
In December 1813 he was appointed commander of the Austrian forces in Italy and Illyria . After the abdication of Napoleon , concluded an armistice with the Italian viceroy Eugene Beauharnais in Mantua on April 24, 1814 . In the campaign of 1815, he led the troops acting against Murat , and inflicted a number of defeats on him.
In 1815 - 1816 - Viceroy of the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom . In the years 1816-1820 - retired, lived in Paris . July 24, 1820 again took office as president of the Gofkrigsrat. In 1825 , due to visual impairment, he retired, but until 1832 he remained chief-master of the Crown Prince Ferdinand . He died on July 22, 1845 in Vienna .
Rewards
- Order of the Golden Fleece (1817)
- Military Order of Maria Theresa , Commander's Cross (1805)
- Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephen , Grand Cross (1832)
- Austrian Order of Leopold , Grand Cross (1808)
- 1st Class Iron Crown Order
- Army Cross 1813/14
- Order of St. Hubert ( Kingdom of Bavaria )
- Military Order of Maximilian Joseph , Grand Cross (Kingdom of Bavaria)
- Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit , Big Cross ( Kingdom of the Two Sicilies )
- Konstantinovsky Order of St. George ( Parma Duchy )
- Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (Russia, 04/21/1821) [1]
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (Russia, 04/21/1821)
- Order of the White Eagle (Russia ( Kingdom of Poland ))
- Order of St. Anne 1st degree (Russia)
- Supreme Order of the Holy Annunciation ( Sardinian Kingdom )
Sources
- ↑ Karabanov P.F. Lists of remarkable Russian faces / [Ext.: P.V. Dolgorukov]. - M .: Univ. typ., 1860. - 112 p. - (From the 1st book. “Readings in the Island of History and Antiquities grew up at the Moscow University. 1860”)
- Belgard, Henry, Count // B (Blanc) gunpowder - Bomb. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911. - P. 451. - ( Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / edited by V. F. Novitsky [and others ]; 1911-1915, v. 4).
- Smola , Das leben des Feldmarschals Heinrich Garf von Bellegarde, Vien, 1847.
- Zalessky K. A. Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: AST ; Astrel, 2003. - ISBN 5-17-016115-8 ; 5-271-05416-0
- Cavaliers of the Imperial Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1725-1917: bio-bibliographic dictionary. T. 1.M., 2009 .-- S. 684