1978 in science

In 1978 , there were various scientific and technological developments, some of which are presented below.

Content

January 20 - Progress-1 , the first transport cargo spacecraft of the Progress series, was launched . Docking with the Salyut-6 orbital station - January 22.
March 2 - the Soyuz-28 spacecraft launched with the first international crew of the USSR pilot-cosmonaut A. A. Gubarev and cosmonaut-researcher V. Remek, a citizen of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic , as part of the Intercosmos program.
June 22 - Charon, the first satellite of Pluto , was discovered.
June 27 - the second international crew starts in the USSR on the Soyuz-30 spacecraft: P. I. Klimuk and a citizen of the Polish People's Republic Miroslav Hermaszewski .
August 9 - the 22- kiloton Kraton-4 nuclear explosion.
August 24 - the 19-kiloton Kraton-3 nuclear explosion.
August 26 - the third international crew starts in the USSR on the Soyuz-31 spacecraft: V. F. Bykovsky and GDR citizen Sigmund Yen .
October 8 - a nuclear explosion "Vyatka " with a capacity of 15 kilotons .
December 30 - The first high-speed tram line in the USSR ^[3] ^[4] , built on the initiative of Vladimir Veklich ^[5] ^[6] and Vasily Dyakonov ^{[7], was} commissioned in Kiev ^[1] ^[2 ^] .
December 31 - the record-breaking minimum temperature ever recorded in Europe at the Ust- Shuger meteorological station is –58.1 ° C.

Australopithecus

Nobel Prize
- Physics - Petr Leonidovich Kapitsa - “For his basic research and discoveries in low-temperature physics”, Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson - “For the discovery of microwave background radiation”.
- Chemistry - Peter Mitchell
- Medicine and Physiology - Arber Werner , Nathans Daniel , Smith Hamilton
Baltsan Prize
- Humanity, Peace and Fraternity between Nations: Mother Teresa (India)
Big gold medal named after MV Lomonosov
- Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov - for outstanding achievements in the field of atomic science and technology.
- Alexander Robertus Todd (Professor, President of the Royal Society of Great Britain) - for outstanding achievements in the field of organic chemistry .
Fields premium
- Pierre Deligne ( Belgium ).
- Charles Fefferman ( USA ).
- Grigory Alexandrovich Margulis ( USSR ).
- Daniel Quillen (USA).
Turing Award
- Robert Floyd - for his undoubted influence on the methodology of creating efficient and reliable software and for his help in the development of such areas of computer science as parsing theory, programming language semantics , automatic program verification , automatic program synthesis , and analysis of algorithms .

January 14 (born April 28, 1906 ) - Kurt Gödel , Austrian logician , mathematician and philosopher of mathematics.
March 30 - , New Zealand engineer (born 1899 ).
March 31 - , a Canadian-American scientist, one of the discoverers of insulin (born 1899 ).
November 15 (born 1901 ) - Margaret Mead , American anthropologist.

Decision of the Kiev City Council of People's Deputies No. 46 of January 3, 1979
↑ Act of acceptance for operation by the State Acceptance Commission of the final stage of the high-speed tramway line completed by construction of December 30, 1978
↑ Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia / Ed. OK Antonov and others. - K .: The main edition of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. - Vol. 11. - Book 1 - P. 225, Il. - 50 170 copies
↑ Kiev: Encyclopedic Reference / Ed. A. V. Kudritsky. - К .: Main edition of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia, 1981. - P. 605, Il. - 100 000 copies (in Ukrainian)
↑ Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine : 25 t. / Ed. I.M. Dzyuba et al. - Kiev: 2005. - V. 4. - P. 187 - ISBN 966-02-3354-X (in Ukrainian)
↑ Krat V. I. Vladimir Fillipovich Veklich // Utilities of cities. Kiev: Technology - 1998. - № 17. - p. 3-9. - ISSN 0869-1231 (ukr.)
↑ Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine : 25 t. / Ed. I.M. Dzyuba and others. - Kiev: 2005. - T. 8. - P. 584 (Ukr.)