Apophysis (apophysis, PNA, BNA; from the Greek. Αποφυσι от, appendix ) is a bone appendix near the epiphysis that originated from an independent nucleus of ossification . As a rule, the function of apophyses is to attach muscles to them.
The apophyses ossify enchondrally from the centers of ossification embedded in their cartilage and are constructed of spongy substance [1] . For example, in humans, the humerus has three points of ossification in the upper end: the epiphysis in the head and two apophysis in the large and small mounds and four points in the lower: two of them form the epiphysis and two - the apophysis, forming the inner and outer condyles . These centers of ossification appear on the 3rd year of life in the big mound, on the 5th year - in the small and on the 8th year - in both condyles. Bone tissue of the apophyses is not combined with the epiphysis at the same time: in the 5th year of life, a large hillock joins, the small hillock immediately joins immediately after formation, in the 11th year, the external condyle merges with the capitate and in the 18th year, the internal condyle and at the same time, the lower epiphysis merges with the body of the bone (the upper epiphysis grows in the 20th year of life) [2] .
The formation of the upper end of the thigh is similar to the shoulder. At the lower end of the 4th year apophysis appears in the large spit and on the 14-15th year in the small spit. The apophyses that emerged last at the lower end of the thigh grow, on the contrary, the first on the 17-18th years of a person's life [2] .
See also
- Apophysis
- Apophyseal osteitis
Notes
- ↑ M. G., Lysenkov N. K., Bushkovich V. I. Human Anatomy , Moscow, Medicine, 1974
- ↑ 1 2 D. Grains Guide to descriptive human anatomy. Volume I Moscow - Leningrad, Medgiz, 1890-1892 (cited from the 1938 edition).
Links
- Apophysis // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 additional.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.