Stoyanovsky, Semyon Abramovich

Semyon Abramovich Stoyanovsky
Semyon Abramovich Stoyanovsky
Birth name	Shlema Abramovich Stoyanovsky
Date of Birth
Place of Birth	Boryspil , Pereyaslavsky Uyezd , Poltava Province , Russian Empire
Date of death
Place of death	Vienna , Austria
Citizenship	;
Profession	cameraman, photographer
Career	1940 - 1945
Direction	socialist realism

Semyon (Shlyoma) Abramovich Stoyanovsky ( 1917 - 1945 ) - Soviet documentary film operator. Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree ( 1946 - posthumously ).

Biography

Born on July 19 [ August 1 ] 1917 in Borispol in the family of a small merchant. After the Jewish pogrom perpetrated by the White Guards, when the house with the store burned down, the family moved to Kiev in search of livelihoods. When the boy was 4 years old his father died. Childhood and early adolescence, he lived in poverty. He studied at the Jewish school number 9 in Kiev . As a student of the 5th grade, he got involved in photographing. After graduation, he worked as a turner at the Kiev Arsenal plant. In 1936 he entered the Institute of Cinematography of VGIK , which he graduated with honors ( 1940 ). During the Second World War he was a military cameraman of the TSSDF and served on various fronts of the army in the rank of engineer-captain. The outbreak of World War II caught Stoyanovsky as an assistant operator in the military film group, created in April 1941, for filming the ascent of army athletes to Elbrus . Already on June 23, 1941, the film group moved to Odessa , then to Chisinau , where the first episodes of the cinematography of the Patriotic War were filmed ^[1] . Then - the shooting of the fighting in 1941 in the area of Nikolaev , Zaporozhye , Dnepropetrovsk , Donbass . In 1942 - shooting of battles in the area of Rostov , Salsk , Maykop , Tuapse , Novorossiysk . In 1943 - filming an attack on Krasnodar , the battle in the Kuban , landing in the Crimea . In 1944 - shooting during the liberation of Odessa, Ackerman , Ishmael , Bulgaria , Hungary . In 1945 - shooting of the battles during the liberation of Hungary, Yugoslavia and Austria . On April 12, 1945, Stoyanovsky shot in Vienna the crossing of the Danube Canal by Soviet troops. The Nazis fired heavy mortar along the crossing, but the sappers , successfully overcoming the water barrier, moved forward. Cameraman Stoyanovsky came with them. Mina tore next to him. The blast wave Stoyanovsky threw into the ruins of a burning house. The officer who managed to get the injured cameraman out of the fire said: "Bleeding, with a broken arm, he still held the camera, and his lips whispered:" The device ... Save the device ... Do not light up the film ... Pass it to the political department ... "The best fought for Stoyanovsky’s life front doctors. yet pet kinogruppy 3rd Ukrainian front , brave, always cheerful companion, demanding to itself the artist was no more. Stoyanovskii was buried with military honors in the center of Vienna, close to the Parliament. Later, his remains were re eson at the Central Cemetery in Vienna, at the memorial to Soviet soldiers who fell during the liberation of Vienna.

Legacy

Stoyanovsky shot invaluable shots that preserve the truth of the days of the war: long marches, hard soldier labor, short breaks, armored combat battles with enemy tanks, infantry actions in the Kuban floodplains, attacks, battles at the walls of Novorossiysk - a talented reportage in which the artist’s art and the soldier’s courage merged together. Stoyanovsky shot a lot and with enthusiasm, in parallel, on several subjects: he accumulated details, touches of the front, soldier's life. Even a partial list of his shootings in the cinema group of the North Caucasus Front testifies to the breadth of views, the diversity of interests of the front-line journalist: “Northeast of Tuapse”, “False Battery”, “Destroyed Tuapse”, “After the Battle (Marines Resting)”, “Neftegorsk partisans ”,“ Capture of Krasnodar ”,“ Capture of the village of Abinskaya ”,“ Cossacks help the Red Army beat the enemy ”,“ On the Poltava line, ”The process of traitors in Krasnodar”, “Breakthrough of the Blue Line”, “Girls - snipers”, “ Signal Girls "," Flurry of Flames "," The Taking of Themes uke "," Aviasomki for the film "Caucasus", "Funeral Army General Apanasenko Stavropol", "landing in the Crimea", "In the Kerch bridgehead" ^[2] . The priceless newsreels shot by the cameraman during the war were included in many issues of Soyuzkinozhurnal (News of the Day since 1944), in documentaries and have developed into the annals of the Great Patriotic War.

Memory

In Bulgaria, in the museum of Veliko Tarnovo , whose honorary citizen Stoyanovsky is, joining him on September 11, 1944, one of the first Soviet soldiers, a huge photograph of a cameraman filming jubilant Bulgarians from the roof of a car is preserved.

The National Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Kiev has an exposition dedicated to Stoyanovsky.

Stoyanovsky’s name appears on the plaque on the fallen cinematographers at the Moscow House of Cinema, on the monument to the fallen soldiers of the Kiev Arsenal plant.

Awards and Prizes

The Stalin Prize of the first degree (1946) - for the shooting included in the film " Berlin " ^[3] .
two orders of the Patriotic War II degree (9.4.1945; 24.4.1945; in both cases was presented to the Order of the Patriotic War I degree)
medal "For Military Merit" (11/23/1944; was presented to the Order of the Patriotic War of the I degree)

Notes

↑ "Kogan S." Odessa does not give up // Their weapon is a movie camera. Stories of front-line cameramen. - M.: Art, 1984
↑ "Grigoriev R." ... He died a heroic death // Their weapon is a movie camera. Stories of front-line cameramen. - M. Art, 1984
↑ Berlin (1945) (Russian) . Museum TSSDF. Date accessed August 16, 2019.

Links

[1] "Kogan S." Odessa does not give up // Their weapon is a movie camera. Stories of front-line cameramen. - M.: Art, 1984

[2] "Grigoriev R." ... He died a heroic death // Their weapon is a movie camera. Stories of front-line cameramen. - M. Art, 1984

[3] Berlin (1945) (Russian) . Museum TSSDF. Date accessed August 16, 2019.