Smorgon district

Geographical position

The Smorgon region is located in the west of the East European Plain , between 54 ° 12´30 "and 54 ° 50'00" north latitude , in a temperate continental climate. The distance to the Baltic Sea is 360 km, to the Black Sea - 925 km. The territory of the district is stretched from north to south for 65 km and from west to east for 35 km. It borders on the north-east, east and south with the Myadel , Molodechno and Volozhin districts of the Minsk region , and in the west and north-west - with the Oshmyany and Ostrovets districts of the Grodno region.

Relief and minerals

The northern and central parts of the district are located on the Narochano-Vileika plain , the relief is gentle, wavy, crossed by river valleys; southern - on the Oshmyany Upland ; the relief is hilly . The general slope of the territory from south to north. The heights of 140-200 meters prevail, the maximum is 320 meters (Mount Milidovskaya ), the minimum is 121 meters (the edge of the Viliya river on the northern border of the region).

On the territory of Smorgon district there are 10 deposits of sand and gravel material (reserves of 5.6 million m³), ​​4 deposits of clay and loam (7.5 million m³), ​​25 deposits of peat (11.4 million tons).

Climate

Smorgon district is located in the temperate zone in the region of temperate continental climate . The average annual air temperature is + 5.5 ° C, the average January temperature is −6.8 ° C (minimum −37 ° C), July +17.6 ° C (maximum +35 ° C). The length of the period with an air temperature above 0 ° C is 230–235 days. Precipitation falls on average 670 mm per year (over a warm period of 430-450 mm). The number of days with precipitation is 170-190 per year. Stable snow cover lies about 80 days, height - 25-30 centimeters. In the summer, winds of southwest and south directions prevail, in winter - northwest and north.

Hydrography

All rivers and reservoirs in the region belong to the Neman river basin , and in its composition - to the Baltic Sea basin. Most of them belong to the basin of the largest tributary of the Neman river Viliya, flowing in the central part of the region. Bodies of water in the southern part of the region belong to the Berezina river basin, flowing on a small section (0.9 km) of the border with the Volozhinsky district. The largest lakes in the area - Svir and Vishnevskoe, are located on the north-eastern border of the area. The largest artificial reservoir - the Rachun reservoir, built in 1959 for energy purposes (the Rachun hydropower station was operating) on ​​the Oshmyanka river. Swamps occupy 3.8% of the territory.

Largest Rivers

Largest Ponds

Flora and fauna

Forests grow in 38% of the district's territory - pine forests occupy the largest area (54%), spruce forests (21.9%) are widespread in the north and west of the region, birch groves (15.5%), oak forests (3.4%) are rare. ), alder (2.3%) and aspen (0.7%) forests. The largest forest area (40 km²) is located on the left bank of Viliya north of Smorgon. Meadows cover an area of ​​22.9 thousand ha, which is 16% of the district. According to the nature of vegetation and water supply, they are subdivided into dry land (19.8%), lowland (75%) and flood-plain (5.2%). Timothy grass meadow , fescue , meadow cornflower , black sedge and millet sedge , etc. grow here. There are 25 small swamps with a total area of ​​5.7 thousand ha (3.8% of the territory) in the region. Marshes are found in the lowlands ( Berezovik ) and the highlands ( Dubatovskoe ). Lowland marshes are rich in vegetation, where grasses , sedges , horsetails , as well as alder, birch, and pine are found. Riding bogs are poorer. They are dominated by sphagnum mosses , sundew , heather , ledum and cranberries .

The fauna of the region is made up of typical representatives of the European mixed forest: elk , roe deer , wild boar , fox , badger , squirrel , wolf , brown hare . In the reservoirs live beavers , otters , muskrats ; They are also rich in fish: pike perch , bream , ide , pike , crucian carp , perch . Of the reptiles , lizards are widespread - spindles , snakes , viper , and copperfish . Of the birds most commonly found are barkworms , jays , penochki , flycatchers , waders .

Protected Areas

The Dubatovskoye reserve of republican significance is biological , with an area of ​​720 hectares. The protected element - the place of natural growth of cranberries in the eponymous bog of the upper type, there is a rare protected plant - a mountain swimsuit .

The Martishki Nature Reserve is landscape - geomorphological , with an area of ​​2.5 thousand ha. The protected element - typical forms of the glacial relief and the corresponding deposits that make up the reference glacial complex , formed 17-20 thousand years ago.

The reserve “Trilesina” - landscape geological, geomorphological and paleontological , the area of ​​1.5 thousand hectares. Protected elements - water-glacial, alluvial and bog formations of the Holocene era , a complex of fossil remains of 25 species of mammals .

The reserve “Blue Lakes” is a landscape- botanical area of ​​765 hectares. Protected elements - the places where the swimsuit of the mountain and sleep grass grows , the natural complex of a group of small lakes of glacial origin.

In addition, in the north-east of the Smorgon district there is a small part of the Narochansky National Park , a protected element - the natural complex of Svir and Vishnevskoe lakes.

The district was formed on January 15, 1940. It was originally part of the Vileika region, in September 1944 it was included in the Molodechno region, and on January 20, 1960 it became part of the Grodno region. In 1985, the city of Smorgon was separated into a separate administrative unit of regional subordination, but in November 1996 the district and the city of Smorgon were combined into one administrative unit - Smorgon district.

Historic Sites

• Dobrovlyany
• Krevo
• Smorgon
• Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Nestanishki)

As of January 1, 2009, the population of the district amounted to 56.3 thousand people, of which 36.9 thousand people lived in Smorgon, 19.4 - in the countryside ^[5] .

In addition to the city of Smarhoń, in the district there are 324 rural settlements, which are managed by 7 rural Councils :

Abolished village councils in the district:

• Belkovshchinsky
• Wojstomsky
• Kushlyansky
• Lyloytinsky
• Ordashinsky

The head of the local executive branch is the chairman of the Smorgon district executive committee, currently ^{[ specify ]} post is occupied by Gennady Vasilievich Khoruzhik . The structure of the district executive committee includes:

• Management: for labor , employment and social protection , agriculture and food , economy , education , administration of the district executive committee.
• Departments: youth affairs, culture , architecture and construction , physical education , sports and tourism , ideological work, housing and communal services , organizational and personnel work, civil registration , financial , and internal affairs .

Local government is represented by the Smorgon District Council of Deputies . Elections are held in 39 constituencies . The Council of Deputies of the 25th convocation, chairman Kudenchuk Sergey Nikolaevich, is currently working

. The structure of the Smorgon District Council of Deputies includes commissions : on mandates , legality , local government and self-government, on social issues, on economics, budget and finance, on agricultural issues and environmental protection , on construction industry , on transport and housing and communal services.

The deputy of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus in the Smorgon constituency No. 59 is currently Tatyana Golubeva .

The average monthly nominal accrued salary (before deduction of income tax and certain deductions) in 2017 in the district amounted to 703 rubles. (about 350 dollars). The district took 4th place in the Grodno region in terms of salary after the Grodno, Grodno region and Ostrovets district (the average salary in the region is 703.2 rubles) and 27th place in the country from 129 districts and cities of regional subordination ^[9] .

Industry

At the end of the 2000s, the industrial complex of the region was dominated by machine building and metalworking , the specific weight of which in the regional volume of production was 36.5%, as well as the production of building materials (specific weight - 26%), food industry (24.2%), flour and cereal and animal feed industry (9.4%).

The largest enterprises:

• OJSC Smorgon Optical Machine Tool Plant (SZOS)
• IOOO "Kronospan"
• LLC "Belagroterminal"
• RUE “Smorgon Aggregate Plant”
• CUE "Smorgon Foundry and Mechanical Plant"
• Smorgonsilikatobeton OJSC

Agriculture

The region’s agriculture specializes in the production of meat and dairy products in animal husbandry and in the production of grain , rapeseed , sugar beets , flax , potatoes and vegetables in crop production . The area of ​​agricultural land is 61.5 thousand ha, of which arable land is 34.5 thousand ha. Qualitative assessment of agricultural land is 28.2 points, arable land 30.6 points. Nine agricultural organizations and 28 farms are engaged in production.

There are 3 processing enterprises in the region: Smorgon Dairy Products OJSC, Smorgonlyon OJSC and Smorgon Bread Products Plant PChUP.

The total sown area of ​​crops in the organizations of the region (excluding farms and personal households of the population) in 2017 amounted to 34,867 ha (349 km²) ^[13] . In 2017, 17,147 ha were sown for grain and leguminous crops, 1,500 ha for sugar beets, and 14,036 ha for fodder crops ^[14] .

The gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in agricultural organizations amounted to 78.7 thousand tons in 2015, 46.2 thousand tons in 2016, 52.2 thousand tons in 2017. According to the gross grain harvest in 2017, the district took 12th place in the Grodno region ^[10] . The average grain yield in 2017 amounted to 30.4 kg / ha (the average in the Grodno region - 39.7 kg / ha, in the Republic of Belarus - 33.3 kg / ha). According to this indicator, the district took 11th place in the Grodno region ^[15] . The gross harvest of sugar beets in agricultural organizations amounted to 62.4 thousand tons in 2016, 65.9 thousand tons in 2017. According to the gross collection of sugar beets in 2017, the district took 11th place in the Grodno region ^[11] . The average yield of sugar beets in 2017 amounted to 439 kg / ha (average in the Grodno region - 533 kg / ha, in the Republic of Belarus - 499 kg / ha); according to this indicator, the district took 12th place in the Grodno region ^[16] .

As of January 1, 2018, the agricultural organizations of the district (excluding farms and personal households of the population) contained 33.2 thousand heads of cattle, including 11.5 thousand cows, as well as 22.5 thousand pigs and 236, 2 thousand heads of poultry. The region ranks 13th in the number of cattle in the Grodno region, 12th in the number of pigs and 3rd (after Grodno and Slonim) ^{[17] [18]} .

In 2017, the enterprises of the region produced 14.9 thousand tons of meat (in live weight) and 59.5 thousand tons of milk. For meat production, the district takes 5th place in the Grodno region. The average milk yield per cow is 5184 kg (the average indicator in the Grodno region is 5325 kg, in the Republic of Belarus - 4989 kg) ^{[19] [20]} .

Transport

The Minsk - Vilnius railway ( Molodechno - Gudogai section ) runs through the district, with 3 stations and 3 stopping points (Zalesye station - Beloselsky station - Molodezhny station - Smorgon station - St. Gauti - St. Soly); and a small section of the Molodechno- Lida railway.

In the south of the district is the M7 highway (Minsk - Oshmyany - the border of the Republic of Lithuania ), which is part of the European route E 28 ( Berlin - Minsk) and branch B of the pan-European transport corridor IX.

In addition, republican highways pass through the territory of the district:

• P63 Borisov - Vileyka - Oshmyany
• P95 Lyntupy - Svir - Smorgon - Krevo - Golshany
• P106 Molodechno - Smorgon; access to the city of Smorgon

From the bus station of the city ​​of Smorgon depart bus services on 33 suburban and 7 long-distance routes ( Grodno , Svir, Komarovo , Molodechno, Minsk, Baranovichi ). The Pastavy - Grodno route passes through the city.

In the city itself there are 12 passenger bus routes: 9 - in regular traffic, 3 - in express .

Health

The main healthcare institution is Smorgon Central District Hospital , which has 415 beds with surgical , resuscitation , trauma , therapeutic , cardiology , neurological , pediatric , infectious , obstetric and gynecological departments, and medical rehabilitation departments.

In the countryside there are Krevskaya district hospital and the Wojstomskoye nursing hospital with 25 beds each. In the village of Zhodishki , the Grodno Regional Psychiatric Hospital is located .

The outpatient polyclinic network of the district includes a district clinic for 1150 visits per shift, its branch in the Vostochny microdistrict, children's and women's consultations, and a dental department; as well as 5 medical outpatient clinics and 18 feldsher-obstetric centers in rural areas.

In 2017, 147 medical practitioners and 534 paramedical workers worked in the institutions of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus in the region. In terms of 10 thousand people, the number of doctors is 28.3, the number of paramedical workers is 102.8 (average values ​​in the Grodno region are 48.6 and 126.9 per 10 thousand people, respectively, in the Republic of Belarus - 40.5 and 121 3 per 10 thousand people). The availability of doctors is one of the lowest in the region. The number of hospital beds in the district’s health facilities is 326 (in terms of 10 thousand people - 62.8; the average for the Grodno region is 81.5, for the Republic of Belarus - 80.2). According to the provision of the population with hospital beds, the district takes the last place in the region ^[21] .

Education

As of September 1, 2008, the educational system of Smorgon district has 25 general educational institutions, in which there are 6,579 students, including:

• secondary schools - 9 (4516 students);
• complexes kindergarten - high school - 5 (732 students);
• base schools - 5 (326 students);
• complexes kindergarten - basic school - 1 (57 students);
• complexes kindergarten - primary school - 3 (99 students);
• gymnasium (741 students);
• boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care (108 students);

In addition, there are 12 preschool institutions , a center for correctional developmental education and rehabilitation, a socio-pedagogical center, an evening school , an interscholastic educational and industrial complex , and a center for the creativity of children and youth.

Smorgon State Vocational and Technical School No 128 of Instrument Engineering provides training on the basis of basic and secondary education in the following specialties : bricklayer , plasterer , mechanic assembling, repairman, food seller , programmed machine operator . Competitive selection is carried out on the basis of the marks indicated in the document on education .

In 2017, there were 19 pre-school educational institutions in the district (including kindergarten-school complexes) with 2.3 thousand children. In the 2017/2018 academic year, there were 19 general secondary education institutions in the district, in which 5.6 thousand students studied. The educational process was provided by 701 teachers. On average, there were 7.9 students per teacher (the average value in the Grodno region is 7.9, in the Republic of Belarus - 8.7) ^[22] .

Culture

In the region there are 2 independent museums and 1 branch. In the district center there is the Smorgon Museum of History and Local Lore with the number of museum items of the main fund of 10.8 thousand units. In 2016, 11.3 thousand people visited the museum (according to this indicator, the museum takes 10th place in the Grodno region ). In the village of Zalesye there is a museum-building of Mikhail Kleofas Oginsky with a number of museum items of the main fund of 0.1 thousand units. In 2016, 25.1 thousand people visited the museum (according to this indicator, the museum takes 5th place in the Grodno region, second only to the museums of the World, Grodno and Lida) ^[23] . In the village of Kushlyany there is a museum-estate of Frantisk (Francis) Bogushevich - a branch of the State Museum of the History of Belarusian Literature ^[24] .

• Памяць: Гісторыка-дакументальная хроніка Смаргонскага раёна / Рэд. кал.: Г. П. Пашкоў (гал. рэд.) і інш. — Мінск: БелЭн, 2004. — 640 с.
• Ковкель И. И., Мараш И. Я. Сморгонь: Историко-экономический очерк. — Минск: Беларусь, 1984. — 63 с. — (Города Белоруссии).
• Инвентари магнатских владений Белоруссии XVII — XVIII вв. Владение Сморгонь. — Минск: Наука и техника, 1977.
• Дзярновіч А. І., Трусаў А. А., Чарняўскі І. М. Лёс Крэва. — Мінск: Полымя, 1993. — 47 с.

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