Nikolai Ivanovich Grech ( August 3 (14), 1787 , St. Petersburg - January 12 (24), 1867 , St. Petersburg ) - Russian writer, publisher, editor, journalist, publicist, philologist, translator.
| Nikolai Ivanovich Grech | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 N.I. Grech, 1856 | |||
| Date of Birth | |||
| Place of Birth | St. Petersburg | ||
| Date of death | |||
| Place of death | St. Petersburg | ||
| Nationality |  Russian empire | ||
| Occupation | Literator | ||
| Awards and prizes |
| ||
Content
Biography
Born in St. Petersburg in the family of the court adviser, chief secretary of the Senate - Ivan Ivanovich ( Johann Ernst ) Grech (1754-1803) and Katerina Yakovlevna Grech (nee Freigolts), the native aunt of the famous sculptor P.K. Klodt .
His own grandfather, Ivan Mikhailovich Grech (Johann-Ernst Gretsch, 1709-1760), a native of Prussia , came to Russia under Anna Ioannovna , and taught in the land gentry corps .
He received his home education, then graduated from the Junkers College of Law under the Senate (1801-1804), subsequently transformed into the Imperial School of Law . After graduating from the Cadet School, he attended several courses at the Main Pedagogical School in 1804-1807. Then he served as secretary in the Ministry of the Interior and at the same time taught Russian and Latin literature at the Main German School of St. Petra (from 1804 to 1813), in Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum and various private pensions. He was a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts (since 1810). He was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (since 1827). [one]
Grech was close to the Decembrists , maintained friendly relations with many of them. He consisted of a secretary (from 1815), the assistant master (1817-1818) close to the Decembrists of the Masonic lodge of the "Chosen Michael". An active figure in the Free Society of Russian Literature Lovers in 1818-1823. He was one of the initiators and leaders of the Free Society of the establishment of schools by the method of mutual learning. By the beginning of 1825, he changed his position to well-meaning, but even after the Decembrist uprising, he did not interrupt business and literary relations with the Decembrists.
He took part in the development of the censorship charter of 1828. He served under the Minister of the Interior, then at the Ministry of Finance (1836-1843), was a member of the Scientific Committee under the Ministry of Education.
Many years of business and friendly relations connected Grech with F.V. Bulgarin . “Thursdays” were held in Grech’s house, attended by K. P. Bryullov , N. V. Kukolnik , P. A. Pletnev , A. S. Pushkin , artists who toured in St. Petersburg.
Grech's achievements include “Practical Russian Grammar” (St. Petersburg, 1827; second edition: St. Petersburg, 1834), “The Initial Rules of Russian Grammar” (St. Petersburg, 1828), and “ Widespread Russian Grammar ” (vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1827; second edition: St. Petersburg, 1830) and efforts to unify Russian grammar.
College Counselor (1823), State Counselor (1829), Actual State Counselor (1838), Privy Councilor (1863).
During the service I received as awards (prizes) 7,500 rubles in bank notes and 2,000 rubles in silver .
He was buried at the Volkovsky Lutheran cemetery [2] .
Literary activity
He made his debut in literature with the article “Synonyms. Happiness, prosperity, bliss ”in the“ Journal of Russian Literature ”in 1805. He participated in the publication of the magazines “ Genius of the Times , ”“ Journal of the Newest Journeys, ”and“ European Museum ”. Since 1810, a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts . He was the publisher and editor of several periodicals, which played an important role in the Russian literary life of the XIX century .
Having published in 1815 in the “ Son of the Fatherland ” the article “Review of Russian Literature of 1814”, Grech first introduced the annual review genre in Russian journalism and literary criticism.
He compiled the “Textbook of Russian Literature, or Selected Places from Russian Works and Translations in Poems and Prose, with the addition of the brief rules of rhetoric and pietitics and the history of Russian literature” (parts 1–4, St. Petersburg, 1819–1822), which included an outline of history Russian literature with the characteristic of certain periods. He took part in the almanac of A. A. Bestuzhev and K. F. Ryleyev "The Polar Star ".
Author of the novels “A Trip to Germany” (St. Petersburg, 1831) and enjoyed great success among readers of “The Black Woman” (St. Petersburg, 1834). Published "literary travels" "28 days abroad, or A real trip to Germany, 1835" (St. Petersburg, 1837), "Travel letters from England, Germany and France" (St. Petersburg, 1839), "Letters from the road along Germany, Switzerland and Italy ”(St. Petersburg, 1843),“ Paris letters with notes on Denmark, Germany, Holland and Belgium ”(St. Petersburg, 1847).
He wrote a memoir “Notes on my life” (published: St. Petersburg, 1886, with censored notes; reprint: M .; L., 1930; M., 1990).
In October 1812, he founded the historical, political and literary weekly magazine “ Son of the Fatherland ” and edited it until 1839. Until the mid-1820s, “Son of the Fatherland” was the most influential Russian magazine. At the beginning , A.F. Voeikov took part in it. In 1816-1825, the Decembrists brothers A. A. Bestuzhev and N. A. Bestuzhev , F. N. Glinka , K. F. Ryleyev , V. K. Kyukhelbeker participated in the magazine. K. N. Batyushkov , N. I. Gnedich , A. S. Griboedov , G. R. Derzhavin , P. A. Vyazemsky , V. A. Zhukovsky , I. A. Krylov , A. were involved in the journal . P. Kunitsyn , A.S. Pushkin .
The significance of the journal in connection with the disappearance of the authors, primarily the convicted Decembrists, and the changes in the socio-political situation and the position of the publication was declining. Since 1825, F.V. Bulgarin became the co-publisher of the “Son of the Fatherland”. At the same time, Grech collaborated in the Bulgarian journal Northern Archive. In 1829, both magazines were merged into one under the name “Son of the Fatherland and the Northern Archive. Journal of Literature, Politics and Contemporary History. ” Grech and Bulgarin sold it; from 1838 the publisher of the magazine was A.F. Smirdin , Grech and Bulgarin remained editors until the end of 1839. N. A. Polevoy was involved in the management of the magazine, later Grech left his participation in it, and the magazine was led by Senkovsky, Masalsky, Furman.
He maintained close acquaintance with the future US President James Buchanan when he was the American envoy to Russia [3] .
Since 1825, together with F.V. Bulgarin, he published and edited the literary and political newspaper Northern Bee. The newspaper was popular and influential; popularity declined in the 1840s. In 1860, Grech was transferred to another editorial office and P.S.Usov became editor.
In 1829-1831, Grech was the editor of the Journal of the Ministry of the Interior , and from 1834-1835 he was the editor of the journal Library for Reading . Together with N. A. Polev and N. V. Kukolnik, he published the journal Russian Bulletin (1841-1844), which turned out to be unsuccessful.
Family
Children:
- Alexey (1814-1850), translator and journalist, in the late 1830-1840s served as secretary of the editorial board of the Northern Bee [4]
- Nikolai (1820-1837), a student at St. Petersburg University [4] .
Addresses in St. Petersburg
- 1817-1821 - House of I. I. Antonov - 13 Bolshaya Morskaya Street;
- 1821 - autumn 1825 - House of A. I. Kosikovsky - Nevsky Prospect, 15;
- Autumn 1825-1831 - Bremmer's apartment building - St. Isaac's Square, 3;
- 1831 - 12.12.1867 - House of the School of the Deaf-Mute - 54 Moika Embankment.
Compositions
- Grech N.I. Biography of Vasily Mikhailovich Golovnin: different information about his family and a collection of old family acts of the nobles of the Golovnins. - SPb., 1851. - 153 p.
- Grech N. I. “Practical Grammar of the Russian Language”, electronic facsimile, pdf
- Grech N.I. Notes on my life, M.: "Zakharov", 2002, information about the publication
Notes
- ↑ Profile of Nikolai Ivanovich Grech on the official website of the RAS
- ↑ Grave on the plan of the cemetery (No. 18) // Division IV // All Petersburg for 1914, address and reference book of St. Petersburg / Ed. A.P. Shashkovsky. - SPb. : Partnership of A. S. Suvorin - “New Time”, 1914. - ISBN 5-94030-052-9 .
- ↑ Ivanyan, Eduard Alexandrovich. Encyclopedia of Russian-American Relations. - Moscow: International Relations, 2001. - S. 162. - 696 p. - ISBN 5-7133-1045-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 Pushkin in the letters of the Karamzins of 1836-1837 . - M .; L .: USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian Literature, 1960 .-- S. 381.
Literature
- Bulgarin F.V. Bulgarin's letter to Grech dated October 15, 1836 // Russian Archive , 1870. - Ed. 2nd. - M., 1871. - St. 1943-1944.
- Grech, Nikolai Ivanovich / Ivinsky D.P. , Lanina S.G. // Hermaphrodite - Grigoriev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2007. - P. 730. - ( Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 7). - ISBN 978-5-85270-337-8 .
- Mazaev M.N. Grech, Nikolai Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Grech Nikolai Ivanovich // List of civilian ranks of the first III classes. Corrected on June 1, 1866. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1866. - S. 290.
- Reytblat A.I. Observing Observer: N.I. Grech and Division III // Literary Fact. - 2018. - No. 10 . - S. 108-164 . - DOI : 10.22455 / 2541-8297-2018-10-108-164 .
- Russian writers. 1800-1917. Biographical Dictionary . T. 2: G - K. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1992. S. 18-21.
Links
- Grech's works on the site Lib.ru : Classics