Myasischev, Vladimir Mikhailovich

He was born in the family of a merchant of the second guild in Efremov, Tula province. In the autobiography he indicated that he was born in the family of an employee. Childhood and youth passed in Efremov, here he graduated from a real school in 1918.

In 1920 he entered the Moscow Higher Technical School (MVTU), which he graduated in 1926. Since 1923 he was engaged in design activities at the scientific-experimental aerodrome.

Activities

Myasishchev has come a long creative way as a designer, scientist, and teacher. In his student years he worked at TsIAM, in the department of V. Ya. Klimov, and was engaged in aircraft engines, which in the USSR were just starting to be designed. Somewhat later, Myasishchev was a designer at the scientific and experimental airfield of the Air Force, and then, like many aircraft designers, for several years he worked in the department of experimental aircraft construction at TsAGI .

V.M. Myasishchev, while still a student at the Moscow Technical University, combined his studies with work at a scientific experimental plant as a draftsman, and then a designer. In the graduation project, he developed the theme of all-metal fighters. Arriving after graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School in the AGOS (aerohydro experimental construction) of TsAGI , Myasishchev began working in the department headed by A. N. Tupolev , at first in the wing brigade under the leadership of V. M. Petlyakov . During this period, the TB-1 aircraft was designed, then the TB-3 , and V. M. Myasishchev took part in the development of wings for these machines. Myasishchev was also engaged in the design of the fuselage of thin-walled nickel-chromium pipes, and the task was not only to master, but also to establish the production of such pipes. The fuselage design fully paid off: the TB-3 aircraft had two bomb bay 2 × 5 m in size and could carry a bomb load of up to 10 tons. The design of the TB-3 was the eve of the construction of the Maxim Gorky aircraft . Myasishchev was involved in the development of the wing for this machine. Then Vladimir Mikhailovich moved to a specialized design bureau of A.N. Tupolev , which stood out from TsAGI into an independent organization. In the new bureau, V. M. Myasishchev was instructed to engage in experimental aircraft.

Somewhat later, V. M. Myasishchev was instructed to set up at the plant serial production of a transport aircraft purchased from the American company Douglas . Creative processing of the design in relation to domestic technology and the installation of domestic engines made it possible to create an improved modification of the DS-3 - Li-2 aircraft. About 14,000 cars (in various versions) were produced in the USSR, which served in aviation for almost 40 years.

V.M. Myasishchev was arrested in 1937. While in custody, he worked in the " special technical department " and designed, like A. N. Tupolev , and V. M. Petlyakov , his own version of the "weaving".

Vladimir Mikhailovich began to design high-altitude bomber and quickly calculated and drew a preliminary design of the aircraft, which was the basis for the "higher authorities" to create a design bureau under the leadership of V. M. Myasishchev. Work on the aircraft was continued in it, and in 1938 Vladimir Mikhailovich presented the working draft of the DVB-102 long-range high-altitude bomber with two powerful experimental M-120 engines. The aircraft had many progressive solutions: a nose-mounted landing gear, pressurized cockpits for crew and equipment, and remotely controlled defensive weapons. At the beginning of the war, the first two prototypes of this type were manufactured at the evacuated plant. The aircraft had a two-keel tail design.

In state tests, the aircraft reached a flight speed of 565 km / h and an altitude of 11,500 m, however, the flight range turned out to be 2230 km, which was significantly lower than the projected one, and the aircraft did not go into series. In 1942, one of the aircraft flew to Moscow.

After the tragic death in 1942 of the designer V.M. Petlyakov, there was a need to continue work on further improving the Pe-2 aircraft - the main dive bomber of our aircraft. In this regard, some of the OKB employees and V. M. Myasishchev himself were sent to a serial plant, where Pe-2 aircraft were produced. During the war years, at least eight modifications of this bomber appeared.

The need for a fighter, which had a long flight range, led to the creation of a DIS aircraft - a long-range escort fighter. The machine passed factory tests. The flight range without hanging tanks was 1700 km, and with hanging tanks - almost 4000 km. It was essentially a flying fortress, since the plane had two 20 mm cannons in the nose of the fuselage, two 37 mm (or 45 mm) guns on the bottom and one gun on top. The flight speed of the DIS was 50 km / h faster than the speed of the German Me-109 fighter .

During the war V.M. Myasishchev's design bureau continued work on the creation of bombers. In particular, in the summer of 1944 a long-range high-altitude bomber DVB-108 was built, outwardly similar to the Pe-2I, but possessing more powerful engines. The lead designer of the aircraft was Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel , the future creator of Soviet space rocket technology.

At the end of 1945, the OKB team led by V.M. Myasishchev developed a project for the RB-17 jet bomber with four RD-10 turbojet engines. The aircraft had two pressurized cabins and a three-wheeled landing gear that retracts into the fuselage. The design speed was 800 km / h.

In October 1945, a large group of OKB and serial plant workers, headed by V. M. Myasishchev, was awarded high government awards, but after a while the design bureau was disbanded, which was motivated by its low return, and Vladimir Mikhailovich himself was appointed dean of the Moscow faculty of aircraft Aviation Institute. S. Ordzhonikidze ; Then Professor V. M. Myasischev became the head of the department at this faculty .

On March 24, 1951, by a government decision, the design bureau of chief designer V. M. Myasishchev was recreated, with the task of creating a strategic jet aircraft, the height and range of which was 1.5-2 times, and the take-off weight would be 3-4 times higher data of aircraft in service. Great support for the new OKB was provided by the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR V. M. Malyshev .

Despite the skepticism expressed about the possibility of creating such an aircraft (in particular, A. N. Tupolev , who was originally tasked with creating such an aircraft, categorically refused to fulfill it and personally argued his position to I. V. Stalin ), the designer immediately proceeded to accomplishment of the task, starting with the organization of a close-knit creative team of enthusiasts. Vladimir Mikhailovich boldly involved student youth in the development, who willingly helped in the calculations to justify the possibility of building an aircraft. A large number of related plants were involved in the work to ensure the creation of the aircraft.

On January 20, 1953, the first flight of the strategic intercontinental jet bomber M-4 (103M) took place, at the head of the crew test pilot F.F. Opadchiy.

The aircraft was put into mass production, while work was carried out at the design bureau aimed at increasing the flight range of this aircraft, for which refueling was performed in flight , as well as the possibility of using it in transport and passenger versions. Vladimir Mikhailovich was optimistic and sought to satisfy the requirements of the Air Force representatives as fully as possible, proposing new promising work to create a supersonic heavy bomber .

With the advent of serial fighters with supersonic flight speeds and enhanced air defense systems , V.M. Myasishchev's design bureau worked out schemes for new heavy bombers with turbojet engines providing supersonic and transonic flight speed. Analysis carried out in design bureaus showed that for such aircraft, a scheme with a triangular wing in plan is optimal.

In 1961, at the air parade in Tushino , the first display of a new aircraft took place - the M-50 supersonic missile carrier. The construction of this airship required not only extensive aerodynamic research, but also the development of the design of the airframe from large extruded panels, eliminating the time-consuming riveting process. In addition, sealing of large volumes of the wing and fuselage, which were used as fuel tanks, was mastered.

But in 1960, the V.M. Myasishchev OKB was disbanded by decision of the government, and the staff was transferred to OKB-52 by V.N. Chelomey, who worked on the space-rocket subject. Vladimir Myasischev was appointed head of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) ^[3] .

An important stage in the activity of V. M. Myasishchev is his work in 1960-1967 as the head of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute . This period was characterized by extensive research in the field of high supersonic speeds for aircraft both conventional and fundamentally new schemes (aircraft with variable sweep of the wing , vertical take-off and landing, etc.).

The original use of one of the aircraft of the V. Myasishchev Design Bureau - VM-T Atlant - was to use it as a carrier aircraft of the Soviet Buran reusable ship to deliver it from the manufacturer's airfield to the Baikonur Cosmodrome .

• M-50 (According to NATO's “Bounder” classification) A strategic supersonic bomber with an intercontinental flight range. The crew of two people. The first flight in 1959. In total, the M-50 made 19 flights. The design solutions that were used to create this aircraft gave a huge leap in the development of aviation. However, the engines under which the aircraft was designed did not manage to be brought to the desired condition. ^[4] Work on the M-50 ceased in 1960. ^[five]
• M-4 - Strategic Bomber. The first flight in 1953. It was built 32 production aircraft, three aircraft died in a plane crash. M-4 was the world's first jet heavy bomber to enter service with the troops. M-4 first production aircraft V.M. Myasishchev. ^[6]
• 3M / M-6 - Strategic Bomber. Modification of the M-4 with an increased flight range. The first flight in 1956. Crew 8 people. It was built 74 serial ZM. During the operation 4 aircraft were lost. ZM bombers were in service until 1985 and were destroyed under the Soviet-American strategic offensive arms reduction treaty. ^[7]
  • BM-T Atlant - Heavy transport aircraft. The first flight in 1981. It was created on the basis of the ZM bomber for transporting large-sized elements of the Energia launch vehicle and the Buran shuttle to Baikonur. The test and the first flights of VM-T took place after the death of V.M. Myasishchev. In total, three copies were built, two of them flying. The aircraft was operated from 1982 to 1989. ^[eight]
• M-17 "Stratosphere" ( NATO classification "Mystic-A") - High-altitude reconnaissance. The first flight in 1978. The task was to create a high-altitude subsonic aircraft to combat drifting balloons. In 1990, a world record for flight altitude was set on an airplane - 21,800 meters. ^[9]
• M-18 Strategic bomber with variable wing geometry. A strike reconnaissance version was developed for launching a nuclear missile and bomb attack on remote strategic targets, and also for conducting strategic reconnaissance. The maximum flight range was to be 16,000-18,000 km. The project was completed by 1972. However, the MAP decides to transfer the materials of the M-18 project to the Tupolev Design Bureau. ^[ten]
• M-20 - Strategic dual-mode aircraft carrier rocket. Work on the heavy strategic bomber was completed at the design stage, but served as the basis for subsequent work. ^[eleven]
• M-55 "Geophysics" ( NATO classification "Mystic-B") - High-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The first flight in 1988. Able to carry out long flights in the stratosphere at an altitude of more than 20 km. ^[12]

In the summer of 1927 he married Elena Alexandrovna Spendiarova (1905-1981) - the daughter of the famous Armenian composer Alexander Afandasyevich Spendiarova (1871-1928). In 1930, their daughter Maria was born.

• In the late 1970s, Myasishchev Street appeared in Zhukovsky near Moscow.
• In Moscow, on the house where he lived ( Romanov per. , D. 3), a memorial plaque was opened.
• In the 1990s, Myasishchev Street, in the new private sector of the city, was named in his honor in Efremov.
• On September 9, 2003, Myasishchev Street in the Filyovsky Park district of the Western Administrative District was named in his honor in Moscow.
• OJSC EMZ named after V. M. Myasishchev.
• In the city of Efremov, a hall dedicated to V. M. Myasishchev was opened in the Museum of Local History.
• September 28, 2017, on the day of the 115th anniversary of the great aircraft designer in the city of Efremov, a memorial plaque dedicated to Vladimir Mikhailovich was opened at school No. 1.
• On September 28, 2018, on the day of the 116th anniversary of the great aircraft designer in the city of Efremov, a bust dedicated to Vladimir Mikhailovich was opened in the park of V.M. Myasishchev.

• Yu. O. Bakhvalov, A. V. Albrecht, L. I. Aristov and others. Under the wing of Myasishchev: dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Salyut Design Bureau .. - M .: Restart, 2001. - 144 p. - 3000 copies.
• Selyakov L. L. The little-known pages of the creative activity of the aviation designer Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev - through the prism of the 50-year history of aviation and the country. - M .: JSC ANTK them. A.N. Tupolev, 1997.
• Yakubovich N.V. Myasischev. Inconvenient genius. Forgotten victories of Soviet aviation. - M .: Eksmo, 2008 .-- ISBN 978-5-699-25084-4 .
• Guy D.I. Heavenly attraction. - M .: Moscow Worker, 1984. - 221 p. - 75,000 copies.
• A. I. Ostashev , “SERGEY PAVLOVICH KOROLEV - A GENIUS OF THE XX CENTURY” lifetime personal memories of academician S. P. KOROLEV - 2010 M. GOU VPO MGUL ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2 .
• Sofronov I. Looking to the future // Brother: Monthly magazine of special forces. - M .: Vityaz-Bratishka LLC, 2013. - No. 2 . - S. 72-77 .

Myasishchev, Vladimir Mikhailovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".

• M-50 on airwar.ru
• The work of V. M. Myasishchev on aviation.ru
• Secrets of forgotten victories. 6. Looking to the future.
• Space Memorial - Myasischev V.M.
• Guy, Davyd . Sky Attraction , 1984