Narrow-leaved goof ( Latin Elaeágnus angustifólia ), or Oriental sucker [2] , or Pshat (fesida) [3] ( Elaeagnus orientalis ) is a species of woody plant of the genus Loch ( Elaeagnus ) of the family Sucker ( Elaeagnaceae ). South European-Central Asian species.
| Narrow-leaved sucker | |||||||||||||||||||||
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 General view of the plant. Saratov region | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Elaeagnus angustifolia L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Content
- 1 Name
- 1.1 Synonyms
- 2 Distribution and ecology
- 3 Botanical Description
- 4 Chemical composition
- 5 Wood
- 6 Economic value and application
- 7 Taxonomy
- 8 Notes
- 9 Literature
Title
In the Botanical Dictionary (1878), N. I. Annenkov cites the following common and book names used in different places of Russia with the persons who recorded these names in print or in writing, as well as names in German, French and English languages:
Elaeagnus hortensis M. a B. a. angustifolia. Jerusalem willow (Güld.) Tsaregradsky willow (Middle) Tsaregradsky vine (Malor. Per.) Serebryanye dederev about (at a garden. Removable) Olive tree (Pol. n. m.) Oil tree (Malor. ed. n. m.) Dzhida (Vestn. Geogr. General.) Olive (Ekat.) Wild Olive (but not Raspberry, as at Lefthander.) L about x , L about x in and a , L about x about in N and to b . - Kirg. Jeddah (Borsch.) Jigdah (in Hodge.) Jeda (Sarts Afgh.) Dchigde. - Wham. Dschidda, Dschigda. Dzhengerduk (Kir.) Pers. Ssandschid, Ssind-shid. - Khiv. Dzigerdak (Kir.) - Tat. Igda (Sit. In the Caucasus) - Nѣm. Oleaster, der falsche, wilde Oelbaum, der Paradiesbaum, der Silberbaum. - Franz. L'Olivier de Bohème. - English. Wild Olive Tree, Jerusalem Willow.
β. inermis. P s a t (ed. Arm.) Armenian or Bukhara, or Caucasian, or Chinese, or Turkmen dates. - Arm. Pschatt. - Cargo. Pshati (Er.) - Turk. Igda (Buhs.) - Pers. Ssedschit (Buhs.) - The fruits are sometimes called. Jujuba mixed with fruits of Zizyphus. They are edible and quite tasty. The Kirghiz are preparing flour from them and boiling kompot from them, which is famous among them for their useful diarrhea. [four]
Synonyms
- Elaeagnus angustifolia var. caspica sosn.
- Elaeagnus angustifolia var. iliensis Musch.
- Elaeagnus angustifolia var. orientalis (L.) Kuntze
- Elaeagnus angustifolia subsp. orientalis (L.) Soják
- Elaeagnus angustifolia var. spinosa kuntze
- Elaeagnus argentea Moench nom. illeg.
- Elaeagnus caspica (Sosn.) Grossh.
- Elaeagnus dactyliformis Schltdl.
- Elaeagnus erivanensis Fisch. ex Schltdl.
- Elaeagnus hortensis M. Bieb.
- Elaeagnus igda (Servett.) Tzvelev
- Elaeagnus iliensis (Musch.) Musch.
- Elaeagnus incana Lam.
- Elaeagnus inermis Mill.
- Elaeagnus litoralis (Servett.) Kozlowsk.
- Elaeagnus longipes var. hortensis (M. Bieb.) Maxim.
- Elaeagnus moorcroftii Wall. ex Schltdl.
- Elaeagnus orientalis L.
- Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schltdl.
- Elaeagnus songarica var. kozlovskajae Tzvelev
- Elaeagnus songorica (Bernh. Ex Schltdl.) Schltdl.
- Elaeagnus spinosa L.
- Elaeagnus tifliensis Vis.
- Elaeagnus tomentosa Moench nom. illeg.
- Elaeagnus turcomanica Kozlowsk.
Distribution and Ecology
It grows wildly in Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , Central Asia , Asia Minor , Iran, and Kazakhstan . On the territory of Russia it is found in the European part , in the North Caucasus , in Western Siberia and the Altai Territory [5] .
It is very drought tolerant, almost does not suffer from hot dry winds in the south-eastern steppe regions. It is unpretentious to soils; tolerates significant salinity of the soil, successfully grows on chestnut-solonetzic , dark chestnut and light chestnut soils . When the trunk is covered with sand, it forms abundant subordinate roots. It tolerates dust, soot, gas very well.
It tolerates a haircut and is therefore quite suitable for hedges , but in this case it needs regular pruning, otherwise it will quickly become exposed and grow into a tree from below. It begins to bloom and bear fruit from 3-5 years of age.
Botanical Description
Flowers and leaves |
Shrub or low tree 3–7 m high, sometimes with thorns.
Young shoots are silvery, the rest are gray.
Leaves are linear or oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate-oval or ovate, with petioles 5-8 cm long, peaked, narrowed to the base, grayish-green above, silver-white below with silver scales covering both sides of the leaf.
Flowers up to 1 cm long, very fragrant, solitary, in leaf axils; perianth silver-white with yellowish veins, yellow inside.
Flower formula : [6] .
The fruit is a drupe about 1 cm long, oval or ovoid-spherical, reddish-yellowish with a silvery-white sweetish-mealy edible pericarp .
It blooms in the middle lane in June, in the south of Kazakhstan and in the countries of Central Asia in the second and third decades of May. The fruits ripen in August and October.
Propagated by seeds, cuttings , layering , also renewed by shoots (does not give root offspring ).
Chemical Composition
The fruits contain over 40% sugars , including glucose , about 20% fructose , more than 10% protein , potassium and phosphorus salts, up to 40% free and bound tannin , organic acids , and coloring matter . In the leaves there is ascorbic acid (0.140-0.35%), in the cortex alkaloids , tannins and dyes, in the flowers - a pleasantly smelling essential oil (0.3%).
Plants aged 5-12 years are intensively secreting gum .
Wood
The wood of the goof is narrow-leaved yellow, ring-vascular, broad-layered, with a narrow sapwood and a yellowish-brown core ; density at 15% humidity 670-710 kg / m 3 , at 12% - 690 kg / m 3 . Wood is viscous, hard, resistant to decay, is well preserved in water; dried without warping and cracking; it is well processed by cutting tools, it is finished. It is used on stakes, carpentry and chiseled products, musical instruments, for the manufacture of furniture [7] . It is mentioned in the Bible as a material for the design of the church .
Economic Significance and Application
Cultivated in gardens [7] , parks, planted as a soil-strengthening and waterproofing plant. Silvery leaves, bright bark, fragrant flowers make the goof a very decorative plant [7] . Easily tolerates haircuts and transplants, gas and smoke resistant in a city.
The fruits of the sucker are used as food [7] , they are eaten fresh and ground into flour, which is added to bread, soups and other dishes; used to make wine with a peculiar spicy aroma. Fruits can be stored for a long time without processing.
Loch also serves as a source of astringent for the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract [7] . This remedy was proposed in the form of dried and ground mealy part of the fruit of the sucker S. A. Mirzoyan and named it pshatin .
Tincture of fresh ripe fruits is used in homeopathy . In folk medicine, flowers were used for edema , scurvy , as an anthelmintic, for colitis , bronchitis , heart diseases ; leaves - with rheumatism and gouty pain, as well as wound healing.
Bark and leaves are used for tanning leathers [7] and dyeing them in black and brown.
A good early summer honey plant [7] , gives mainly nectar . Amber-colored honey with a pleasant aroma.
Gum [7] is obtained by tapping , used for the manufacture of glue , paints and varnishes .
Taxonomy
Species Loch narrow-leaved is a member of the genus Loch ( Elaeagnus ) of the family Sucker ( Elaeagnaceae ) of the order Rosaceae .
| 8 more families (according to APG II System ) | about 50–70 more species | ||||||||||||
| order rosaceae | clan loch | ||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | sucker family | view of the narrow-leaved sucker | |||||||||||
| 44 more orders of flowering plants (according to the APG II System ) | 2 more genera | ||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Wood species of the USSR, 1982 .
- ↑ Pshat (Thesis) // Hire - Sinks. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1955. - P. 368. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 35).
- ↑ Botanical dictionary. A reference book for botanists, rural owners, gardeners, foresters, pharmacists, doctors, drogistov, travelers across Russia and rural residents in general / Compiled by N. Annenkov. - SPb. : Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1878. - P. 148.
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see the link in the plant card).
- ↑ Barabanov E.I. Botany: a textbook for students of higher education institutions. - M: Publishing Center "Academy", 2006. - S. 308. - 448 p. - ISBN 5-7695-2656-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Wulf, Maleeva, 1969 .
Literature
- Dudchenko L.G., Koziakov A.S., Krivenko V.V. Spicy-aromatic and spicy-flavoring plants: Reference book / Otv. ed. K. M. Sytnik. - K .: Naukova Dumka , 1989 .-- S. 137. - 304 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-12-000483-0 .
- V.G. Atrokhin, K.K. Kalutsky, F.T. Tyurikov. World Wood Species / Ed. K. K, Kalutsky. - M .: Forest industry, 1982. - T. 3 Wood species of the USSR. - S. 91. - 264 p. - 7 thousand, ind.
- Wulf E.V. , Maleeva O.F. Elaeagnus angustifolius L. - Narrow-leaved Sucker, Pshat // World Resources of Useful Plantsː food, feed, technical, medicinal, etc. ː Reference / Ed. ed. prof. F. Kh. Bakhteev . - L .: “Science”, Leningrad. department, 1969.- S. 316. - 566 p. - [Internet version of the publication as part of the “Agricultural Electronic Library of Knowledge” (SEBiZ)]. - 7,500 copies.