Hammer and Sickle (factory, Moscow)

In 1883, the Partnership of the Moscow Metal Plant was founded by the French businessman Julius Guzhon . The plant was built near the Rogozh outpost .

In 1890, the first open-hearth furnace was launched at the plant.

In 1913, seven open-hearth furnaces were already operating, smelting more than 90,000 tons of steel per year, several small-grade and sheet-rolling mills . The plant mainly produced simple iron, iron wire, nails, bolts, etc.

In 1918, the plant was nationalized . By that time, as a result of the First World War and the devastation associated with it, the production output of the plant had decreased by 50 times compared to the level of 1913.

On November 7, 1922, at the request of the workers, the enterprise was renamed the “Moscow Metallurgical Plant“ Hammer and Sickle ”” ^[1] .

By 1928, production reached the level of 1913.

In 1931, the plant became part of the newly organized Special Steel Association. In the next three years, a technical base was created with modern equipment for that time and a new technology for the production of high-quality steel products was mastered. The buildings of the shaped and foundry, calibration and tape rolling workshops were built; the first electric furnaces , drawing mills , thermal and pickling units were installed.

In 1932, for the first time in the country, the production of a tape 0.1-1.0 mm thick stainless steel was mastered in a new cold rolling mill.

In 1939, the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin ^[2] for valiant work during the years of the first five-year plans and the successful implementation of state tasks.

During the Great Patriotic War, the plant produced weapons products for the front. In particular, in 1944-1945 he made towers for the IS-2 tanks.

In 1945, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for its merits in securing the front ^[2] .

In 1949, for the first time in the world, a technology was developed for using oxygen to intensify open-hearth steel production, for which a group of scientists and workers of the plant was awarded the Stalin Prize of the USSR of the first degree. Subsequently, this technology was widely used both at domestic and foreign metallurgical plants.

In 1950, the Stalin Prize of the USSR was awarded to steelmakers of the plant, who achieved a sharp reduction in the duration of open-hearth smelting and lengthening the campaign between repairs of furnaces. In the same period, the plant’s power engineers introduced evaporative cooling of elements, waste heat boilers and an automatic control system for the thermal melting mode on furnaces. In subsequent years, open-hearth furnaces were transferred from fuel oil to gas heating: the steel casting process was transferred to mobile platforms with molds .

In 1963, a partial re-equipment of the open-hearth furnace shop into electric steelmaking began. Electroslag remelting plants (ESL) were commissioned and launched.

During the period from 1945 to 1971, production by the rolling mill doubled.

In the 1970s , the plant underwent a complete reconstruction. As a result of the reconstruction, the plant was transferred to the manufacture of high-quality products from high-alloy and stainless steel grades. At the same time, comprehensive mechanization and automation of all production operations and the use of the most advanced technological processes were provided. In 1976, smelting on open-hearth furnaces was stopped, the plant completely switched to electric furnaces ^[3] .

In 1978, the plant was introduced developed by scientists of the Institute of Electric Welding them. Paton's new progressive remelting technology is based on a four-strand circuit in a programmable moving mold. An original process was developed for the preparation of liquid-mobile molding sand, for which a number of foreign companies subsequently acquired licenses. Mechanized warehouses of molding materials, a department for centralized preparation of molding materials were built, and ring and chamber furnaces were used for heat treatment of castings. As a result of all these measures, only in 1965-1970 the output of stainless steel sheet products was increased by 21%, calibrated stainless steel rods - by 30%, calibrated steel - by 38%, silverfish - by 40%.

In 1983, the team was awarded the Order of the October Revolution ^[2] for great successes in fulfilling tasks of producing high-quality products, improving technical and economic indicators based on reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the plant. 127 employees were awarded orders and medals - the employees were awarded in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin .

On April 29, 1984, the plant was visited by General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee K. U. Chernenko , who in his speech to the plant’s staff said his famous phrase: “Soviet people can be sure that it will never happen again on June 22, 1941.”

In the 1990s , output was reduced.

In 2005, on August 14 at 15:00 a fire occurred at the plant, which covered 60 m² of soft roofing. 10 fire brigades and a helicopter were pulled to the scene.

In November 2007, the calibration workshop was mothballed ^[4] . In 2008, the 320/250 section rolling mill was moved to the city of Yartsevo, Smolensk region . In January 2009, the section rolling and steel wire workshops were closed ^[5] .

In 2006-2007, information appeared that offices, shops, and even the Nizhny Novgorod station ^{[6] [7]} could appear at the site of the plant. Subsequently, the information was refuted by the mayor of Moscow ^[8] .

In April 2011, steelmaking at the plant was stopped ^[3] .

In September 2013, an international competition was announced for the architectural and town-planning concept of the territory of the Hammer and Sickle factory, which provides for the construction of a residential neighborhood , as well as office buildings ^{[9] [10]} . The completion of the industrial zone reorganization project is scheduled for 2025 ^[11] .

On August 12, 2014, a fire occurred in the factory building. In the extinguishing, fire crews were involved, as well as Mi-26 and Ka-32 helicopters ^{[ significance of fact? ]} .

In 2014, the development plan for the territory of the former plant was approved ^[12] . In March 2015, the construction of a residential complex ^{[13] [14]} began on the territory of the plant. The total building area exceeds 1.5 million m ^{2 [11]} .

In November 2015, Donstroy was granted permission to develop a site occupied by the Hammer and Sickle factory, residential buildings, office real estate and related infrastructure. Thus, we can say that the illustrious plant completes its history, giving way to residential neighborhoods. The project was called LCD "Symbol".

Since 2015, the CrashMash Group of Companies has carried out the demolition of buildings and structures on the territory of the plant, ^[15] which is planned to be fully completed by 2022. ^{[11] [16]}

• History of the calibration workshop.

The calibration workshop began operating on November 19, 1932. It was the first-born of Soviet metallurgy to produce calibrated steel. Only 3 months after the start-up of the workshop, the first 5 tons of ball-bearing steel were produced, the quality of which was higher than that of foreign manufacturers. Until 1939, the workshop was gradually being built, new spans were being completed, and modern equipment was installed at that time. A special period in the work of the workshop, as well as of the whole country, is the period 1941-1945. - The Great Patriotic War. All the equipment of the workshop and most of the workers, along with their families, were evacuated to Magnitogorsk .

Great efforts, and heroism, were required from people in order to quickly equip the workshop to pre-war power.

In 1959, the intensive development of new products began, the assortment expanded, steel output increased.

During the radical reconstruction in the period from 1973, the workshop was equipped with the most modern equipment, and by 1985 had reached the best ratio of quantitative and qualitative indicators. He was awarded the diploma "The best workshop of the plant."

During the perestroika period, the workshop was on the verge of closure, but despite all the problems, it was possible to maintain the spirit of the team, the main backbone of highly skilled workers and engineers, equipment operability, adherence to technology, exacting quality of products and, as a result, respect and recognition of the plant’s brand main consumers.

At the same time, work was actively carried out to search for new orders, to develop and introduce new technologies, to expand the range of products, which made it possible to increase production volumes and adjust the economic performance of the workshop.

• Electric foundry (EFLTS)
• Section rolling shop
• Sheet rolling workshop
• Stainless steel cold rolling workshop
• Steel workshop
• Strip and sheet hot rolling workshop
• Calibration shop
• Pipe section
• Rope workshop
• Machine shop
• Metallurgical equipment repair shop
• Repair shop for metallurgical furnaces
• Mechanical Repair Shop
• Electric workshop
• Consumer goods workshop
• Central factory laboratory

The plant produced the following types of products:

• pipes
• shaped casting
• cold rolled tape and sheet
• hot rolled sheet
• calibrated hire
• ropes
• wire

The Moscow-Tovarnaya-Kurskaya station is located near the plant (it used to be a shipping station for the plant, however, the plant’s access roads currently do not have a connection to the Kursk railway) and the Hammer and Sickle platform of the Gorky railway . The plant has a well-developed system of access roads .

At the beginning of 2016, on the stretch of track at the plant administration, were installed shunting steam locomotive 9P and shunting diesel locomotive TGM1.

The plant has its own museum (at the address: Moscow , Customs passage , 12). In 1929-1933 the club of the Hammer and Sickle factory was erected (architect - Ignatius Milinis ).

• Factory official website
• Deindustrialization: Moscow Hammer and Sickle Metallurgical Plant
• About the factory on onFoot.ru
• How the steel "Hammer and Sickle" was tempered // Kommersant of 11.29.2013
• Instead of the Hammer and Sickle plant there will be another "Pushkin Potato"