Svetly (Kaliningrad region)

The city is located on the shores of the Kaliningrad Sea Shipping Canal connecting Kaliningrad with the Baltic Sea , 30 km from Kaliningrad. Svetly is located on the Zemland Peninsula .

The village has existed since 1640 under the name Zimmerbude ("hut, shack"). It was one of the small villages of East Prussia . For a long time, the main occupation of the inhabitants of the village was fishing.

The first mention of his predecessor, the settlement of Zimmerbud, dates from the middle of the 15th century in the chronicle of the German Knightly Order. However, even earlier, in the Fischhausen manuscript of 1305 ( Germany ), there is a mention of the Paisse Peninsula (“Poyzart” - the area near the Poyz forest), from which German knights invaded the lands of the Prussians in the first half of the 13th century. Time did not preserve the fortress walls of the castle of the “Royal Fisherman's Estate” that was once built here, erected in the middle of the 15th century and at first owned by the Zemland bishop. After the confiscation of church property, the estate passed into the possession of Oswald von Taubenheim, who belonged to the most noble nobility of Zemland and owned Zimmerbud until 1661 .

In 1669, the estate was donated to the former educator of King Frederick I, Eberhard von Dankelmann as a reward.

Since 1720, Zimmerbude included, along with 16 plots of land, 12 peasants and about the same number of fishermen, whose main occupation was fishing , mainly for their own needs.

Gradually, the castle was destroyed by time and the waters of the bay, but the memory of it continued to live in more than one generation.

After the castle ceased to exist, the inhabitants of the village for a long time eked out a miserable existence. They lived poorly, fed at the expense of fishing, which never provided them with a satisfying life. In addition to several acidified meadows, they had no land, and therefore almost no livestock . Their homes were extremely cramped and dirty, smoke coming out of the foci through the reed roofs and settling in a thick layer of soot on the walls of the kitchens. Long winter evenings, torches were burned in the huts, making the faces of the inhabitants constantly black. The clothes were spun, woven and sewn with their own hands. Floods were added to this life, which repeated from year to year.

Religion played an important role in the life of the village: holding religious ceremonies, services, etc. For a long time Zimmerbud did not have its own church, and the village belonged to the church parish of Medenau (Logvino). But because of the poor roads, the inhabitants of the village could only attend church in Medenau several times in their lives: they baptized children, got married, went on the biggest holidays in case of good weather. The rest of the time, the residents expressed strongly expressed religious feelings in the form of church sermons, which were held in the school building. And from April 1, 1901, Zimmerbud, with the neighboring villages of Paise and Nepleken, with 1,500 inhabitants formed their own church community and bought a small church, which Medenau had built in Zimmerbud two years earlier as its branch .

In the 1920s, a new school was built in Zimmerbud and already before the Second World War, Zimmerbud was a rather lively, albeit small, village . There was a shop, a pub , a bakery . There was also a hotel called “Woodschlosshen”, translated “Forest Castle House”. There was also a church of its own. The number of inhabitants of the pre-war Zimmerbud was 742 people ^[3] .

During World War II, military operations did not take place directly on the territory of the modern city of Svetly. The war for Zimmerbude ended in April 1945, leaving no significant damage ^[4] .

In 1947, Zimmerbud was renamed Svetloye . On June 17, 1947, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR , a village council was formed in the Primorsky region with a center in the village of Svetly (the former village of Zimmerbude), which was transformed into the working village of Svetly by decision of the Kaliningrad Oblast Executive Committee No. 758 of August 1, 1949 . On October 6, 1955, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the working village of Svetly was transformed into a city ​​of regional subordination Svetly, which since 2008 became the center of the municipality Svetlovsky City District.

Komsomolsky Village (Paise)

The fishing village of Paise was founded at the beginning of the XIV century, after Bishop Bartholomew granted the right to start from here the settlement of new lands in Zemland.

For centuries, the inhabitants of the village of Paiza led a very modest existence, since living in a lonely village was difficult.

The population of Paise over the years was: 1831 —209 people, 1844 —305 people, 1858 —361 people, 1944 —2196 people.

At the end of the 30s of the last century in Paiz there were three small hotels , a department store , a bakery and butcher shops. There was also a sports community . Residents were especially fond of football .

In 1894, construction began on the Königsberg - Pillau Canal, which lasted until 1901 . After filling the spit, the water near the villages calmed down, in the fishing villages bridge was raised, convenient harbors were built, signal stations were equipped. Then a power station was built, a railway with a train station opened. All this led to the revitalization of life in the village and the improvement of its well-being.

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  House on Nakhimov Boulevard

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  Sovetskaya street

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  Administrative building

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  Crossroads on Kaliningradskaya Street

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  Sberbank on Kaliningradskaya Street

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  Stadium "Ship repair"

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  Shopping and entertainment center "Petrel"

The climate is formed under the influence of the prevailing transfer of air masses from the Atlantic Ocean to the mainland and is characterized as transitional to marine with mild, little snowy winters, relatively cold springs, moderately warm summers and warm rainy autumns. The average annual air temperature is + 6.8 ° C. Absolute fluctuations can reach large values ​​- from plus 35 ° C in July - August to minus 33 ° C in January - February.

The average January temperature is minus 3.4 ° C. There are 86 days a year with frost. Severe frosts are rare. The warmest period is July, when the average monthly temperature is 17.5 ° C. In general, the weather regime is unstable and is associated mainly with the predominance of marine air masses, with a high repeatability of the accompanying cyclones ( storms ).

Wet air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean cause high relative air humidity , which is 85-87% in winter and autumn, decreasing to 72-73% by the beginning of summer. High air humidity and high cloudiness significantly affect the features (decrease) of the light regime.

During the year, 150 cloudy and only 30 clear days are observed in the district. On average, 74 days with fogs are recorded per year, mainly fogs form in winter. They are accompanied by drizzle , rain and snow . and a year falls to 700-750 mm of precipitation, most of which occurs in the warm season. The maximum occurs in August - up to 90 mm, the minimum - in February - March. In the winter months, only 8-10% of the annual precipitation falls. The height of the snow cover is small - 13-18 cm.

The considered territory as a whole belongs to the zone of active wind activity. The wind regime is characterized by a predominance of winds of south-west, west directions with a repeatability of 35%, as well as south and south-east directions with a repeatability of 23%. The average annual wind speed is 3.7 m / s. The western wind has the highest speed. In winter, its average speed is 5.5 m / s. The number of days with strong winds (storms) with a speed of more than 15 m / s reaches 10-15 days. ^[5] .

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was on the 633th place out of 1115 ^[18] cities of the Russian Federation ^[19] .

Demography

According to the 1989 census, 19,936 people lived in Svetly, including 9,253 men and 10,683 women.

The average age of residents is 35 years. The economically active population is 13.5 thousand people (2008).

• Secondary school number 1
• Secondary school No. 3
• Secondary school number 5

The total number of students is 2.6 thousand people ^[5] .

• LLC Lukoil-Kaliningradmorneft: oil terminal (storage, transshipment of liquid petroleum products), metal construction plant (production of marine metal structures);
• CJSC Sodruzhestvo-Soya - deep processing of oil-containing crops;
• LLC Cleaver - a plant for the production of building metal structures;
• Vivo-Porte LLC - production of interior doors;
• LLC “Optim-Kran” http://www.optim-crane.ru - production of support and overhead bridge cranes, as well as gantry, cantilever, special, various carrying capacities and operating modes;
• LLC “Regio-Express” - passenger transportation;
• Fish farm “For the Motherland” - production and processing of fish;
• OJSC "Svetlovskoe Enterprise" Era "- carries out electrical work, repairs of electrical equipment, measurements of electrical equipment, repair of river and sea register ships;
• OGUP Zapremmash - repair and manufacture of ship, fish processing equipment;
• CJSC “Inter-collective farm production base” - ship repair, port services, maintenance and supply of the fishing fleet;
• CJSC Sudoremont Baltika - ship repair, port services;
• BaltNafta CJSC - transshipment of petroleum products;
• LLC Kreon - fish chopping, canning production.
• Svetlovsky meat products plant LLC - production of meat products, sausages.
• LLC “Baltic Fish Industry” - fish processing industry

In Svetly the Baltic Forest station of the Kaliningrad Railway is located . This station belongs to a dead end branch off from the Kaliningrad - Baltiysk railway line. As of 2009, Svetly is not served by passenger trains. The distance to Kaliningrad is 27.5 km, and Khrabrovo Airport is 38 km.

Bus communication: buses No. 105 and No. 108 and express No. 205, the motor company "Regio-Express" (winner of the All-Russian Golden Chariot Award). Cost - 75 rubles to Kaliningrad (according to the certificate from the place of study - 57), 15 rubles - in the city of Svetly, 20 rubles - in the city of Kaliningrad. Also, from August 2012 there is a shuttle bus number 307 (Svetly - Baltiysk). Cost - 74 rubles.

In August 2008, construction began on the Primorsky Ring motorway, which will have a branch to Svetly.

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  House of Culture and a monument to Lenin

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  Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident

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  Monument to soldiers-internationalists

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  Temple of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara

• Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary ^[20] .
• Temple of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara
• Catholic church of St. Paul and St. Gleb
• Monument to V.I. Lenin
• Monument to soldiers-internationalists
• Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident

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  Kaliningrad Sea Canal and Port in Svetly

• Dankelman, Eberhard Christoph Balthazar - Brandenburg statesman.
• Matveev, Maxim Alexandrovich - Russian theater and film actor.
• Ivans, Edgar Yanisovich - international master of sports in rowing.
• Rozinkevich, Dmitry Vasilievich - Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
• Bohon, Victor Fedorovich - Soviet and Russian actor of theater, cinema and dubbing.
• Malkova Ekaterina - famous Svetlovskaya athlete

•   Swinoujscie , Poland since May 14, 1993
•   Ketrzyn , Poland since December 8, 2005
•   Nowy Dwór Gdanski , Poland
•   Lida , Belarus since July 2012
•   Karlshamn , Sweden since September 20, 2012
•   Molodechno , Belarus since July 3, 2015 ^[21]

• Light coloured. RF - Official site of the administration of the city of Svetly
• Light — Zimmerbude
• Vivo Porte - Factory of interior doors of the city of Svetly
• Optim-Crane is a manufacturer of lifting equipment, namely: single-girder and double-girder bridge, gantry, cantilever, clamshell, foundry, special cranes of different lifting capacities and operating conditions, http://www.optim-crane.ru