The net is a large net- draining fishing gear , consisting of net cloth and ropes, used for fishing in large quantities in river, lake, coastal and marine (ocean) fishing . The principle of fishing for most seines is based on the sweeping of fish stocks and pulling the net with the catch ashore or on board the vessel . The main difference between the net and the generalizing fishing gear , for example, the gillnet , is that the net is a moving fishing gear and the fine mesh of the net is designed to filter water through it during sampling, and not to entangle (surround) the fish with gill covers. When sampling a net, the caught fish remains on a net or rolls into a special bag in the middle part of the net β a motna, or a cut [1] .
According to the method of fishing, seines are divided into four types - overhead seines , obkidny seines , bottom seines and fixed seines - the most diverse group, which is classified as a special type of stationary coastal fishing gear - traps. In the place of fishing, there are non- river , lake and sea non - water [1] .
Content
Zakidnye seine
They belong to the oldest fishing gears and are used for coastal fishing, when the net is gradually thrown from the boat in the form of an arc (with the top pointing to the opposite side from the shore), and pulled out (thrown) to the shore. Currently, offshore seines are mainly used in inland waters such as rivers , lakes and reservoirs [1] . In winter time, off-net seines are lowered under the ice through a large oblong ice hole - mine and then pulled by an arc using auxiliary shallow holes.
Circumferential seine
Mainly marine (sometimes lacustrine) seines, used offshore and selected on board the ship. The most primitive in design and method of fishing are spacer seines, which are rarely used for fishing in shallow waters of seas and lakes. Their device resembles zakidnye seine. More high-performance tools of active fishing among obkidny seines used offshore are wallet-net seines, which include purse seines. The principle of catching a net seine consists in sweeping a huge net wall around a discovered school of fish and then pulling together the bottom of the net like a purse or a purse. In this case, the caught fish remains inside the bowl of the net. Then, the net is selected on the deck of the ship, and the fish caught is poured into a special part of the net, called the sink, or hangout, from where it is then chosen [1] .
Fixed Seine
A fixed net is a stationary fishing tool, the principle of which is based on the installation of a fixed obstacle βwingβ in the path of the fish, which directs it into a trap. The height of the side walls of the trap, as a rule, reaches the surface of the water. The wing length usually ranges from 250 to 100 m. Fixed seines are used in large bodies of water and in the coastal marine fishery for salmon , capelin , herring , rasp , smelt , herring , etc. The fish caught by the fixed netting remains intact and for a long time remains alive inside the trap [2] . In addition, fixed seines are used on a muddy bottom or during ice fishing, when the use of other fishing gear is difficult. The main disadvantages of fixed netting are the complexity of installation, the high cost of large netting and susceptibility to destruction in bad weather [3] .
Bottom Net
Small seines, mainly used for coastal bottom lake and sea fishing from small vessels or from the shore. This subgroup of nets includes a mutnik , or snurrevod , a mechanized dredger almost identical in design and some other fishing gear. According to the method of fishing, bottom seines belong to the second subgroup of draining fishing gears - trawling fishing gears , and by design and technique of fishing they occupy an intermediate position between overhead seines and bottom trawls, representing a net bag with short non-water wings, motn and a piece in the center [1] .
With bottom net, as well as with net seine, they cover a section of a reservoir from the shore or from the side of the vessel, covering a large section of the bottom with a network with very long edges (warriors). Then, netting and pulling the net for the edges (sometimes reaching a length of 1500-2000 m) are carried out using a winch or the ship's own course. Ureza, moving along the bottom, muddy silt and sand (hence the name "mutnik") and scare away fish, which moves to the center of the swept space [1] .
Mutniks and mechanized dredges are used for fishing gobies in the Sea of ββAzov , snurrevods - for fishing for flounder , pollock and cod far from the coast on sea ββbanks in the waters of the Far East [1] .
See also
- Dragnet
Notes
- β 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Voynikanis-Mirsky V.N. (1983): Technique of industrial fishing. 4th ed. reslave. and add. M .: Light and food industry. 488 p.
- β Fixed Seine . Internet Encyclopedia "North Pacific". Date of treatment July 20, 2014.
- β Fixed Seine unopened (inaccessible link) . Petrokanat. Date of treatment July 20, 2014. Archived on August 12, 2014.
Literature
- Borodin N.A. , Karyshev N.A. Fisheries // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Nevod // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Construction of offshore net seines InterNevod Checked September 14, 2013
- Installation and operation of fixed seines InterNevod Checked September 14, 2013
- Ways to install fixed net seines InterNevod Checked September 14, 2013