Nevelsky district

Nevelsky district lies in the north-eastern part of the province. The area of ​​the county for military topographic survey 3626 square meters. milestones and Strelbitsky's calculation of 3578.9 square meters. versts. From the Pskov province , the county includes a hill, wide and flat, dotted with many lakes and swamps. These heights are also included in the districts of Sebezhsky and Lyutsinsky and serve as a watershed between river basins. West Dvinsky and Pskov-Ilmensky. The most significant heights of the county stretch near the border of the Pskov province at the villages of Pochinki, Sokolniki, Ivantsy, Dubna and others. The hill that crosses the road from Polotsk to Nevel , in the village of Turichino, shares the basins of the Lovat and Western Dvina rivers . Of the rivers of the county, the Lovat river with a tributary of the Emenka deserves attention; the remaining rivers are insignificant. Lakes, according to Strelbitsky, occupy 183 square meters. versts. More significant lakes: Neschurdo 24 sq. versts and Ivan Lake - 20 square meters. versts. Many villages were located on the shores of lakes. At least 40 thousand acres (384 sq. Versts) are considered to be bogs. Forests 110,402 tithing; of these, 16,034 tithes belong to the treasury, 438 tithes to churches, 93,930 tithes to private owners. Most of all forests are pine and spruce, but oak and other species are also found. Convenient land (except state and specific) was the owners of 109 269 acres and peasants 116 865 acres. The size of the peasant allotment for 1 soul is 1.40 tithes.

Agricultural activities

On average, by the beginning of the 20th century, annual crops were sown: rye 27,900 acres, wheat 650 acres, oats 14,000 acres, barley 6,900 acres, buckwheat 1300 acres, peas 2150 acres, potatoes 2700 acres, flax 3350 acres, hemp 400 acres. Rye is collected 9 01250 pounds, wheat 20150 pounds, oats 550200 pounds, barley 255380 pounds, buckwheat 23800 pounds, peas 75560 pounds, potatoes 783400 pounds, hemp seed 1600 and 2000 pounds fiber. All landowners 1099; of these, Orthodox 988, schismatics 3, Roman Catholics 75, Lutherans 9, Jews 23, a foreigner 1. In 1894, peasants sowed 778 quarters of winter wheat, 28013 quarters of rye, 153 quarters of spring wheat, 28379 quarters of oats, 8220 barley quarters, buckwheat 685 quarters and the remaining breads 223 0 quarters. Landowners of winter wheat have 436 quarters, rye 9462 quarters, spring wheat 66 quarters, oats 8892 quarters, barley 2566 quarters, buckwheat 173 quarters and other spring breads 533 quarters. 23,175 quarters were sown by the peasants, 5610 quarters by the landowners. Flax was sown by landowners 11583 poods and collected fibers 48120 and seeds 18909 pounds; peasants 15345 pounds and collected fibers 51428 and seeds 44126 pounds. Hay was collected in the county 5195340 pounds. Gardening and horticulture are underdeveloped. The peasants have horses 16457, cows 35053, sheep 22113, pigs 15243, goats 1381, other owners of horses 8288, cows 19028, sheep 12892, pigs 5721, goats 621.

Production, crafts and trade

Handicrafts are underdeveloped. In 1893, it was considered handicraftsmen of 2,086 people who made various products for 42,693 rubles. 1570 people were busy preparing the net ; there were 200 blacksmiths . In 1894 there were 48 factories and plants , with production at 69,955 rubles: flour mills 28 (51,990 rubles), soap factories 6, distilleries 4, vodka 1, brewery 1, brick 3, pottery 3 and blue-lined 2. Trading and industrial establishments 102. All bakery shops 135; they should have had 23,982 quarters of winter and 11991 quarters of spring bread, and by January 1, 1895, 1,0667 quarters of winter and 7061 quarters of spring. County food capital 14 584 rub. The village of Sokolniki is issued for trade.

There are 24 rural primary schools, with 1,267 students (192 girls); parish schools 17. Orthodox churches 38, Roman Catholic 1. Hospitals 2, emergency rooms 4. Doctors (without the city of Nevel) office workers 2 and freelancers 2, paramedics 11, 2 midwives. The peasants from their funds in 1893 spent 439 rubles on hospitals, 3219 rubles on public schools, 2153 rubles on parish and letter schools.

Strength

1896

Residents by January 1, 1896 - 103,872 (51,480 men and 52,392 women).

By religion:

• Orthodox - 96 917,
• schismatics - 3129,
• Catholics - 1476,
• Protestants - 203,
• Jews 1972
• other faiths - 175.

According to the estate:

• nobles - 1692,
• clergy - 645,
• honorary citizens and merchants - 468,
• philistines - 3229,
• military estate - 2680,
• peasants - 94 968,
• other classes - 190.

1897

By nationality:

• Belarusians - 84.0%;
• Jews - 7.4%;
• Great Russians - 7.1%,

1870

By nationality:

• Belarusians - 56345;
• Jews - 4858;
• Great Russians - 1892,
• Latvians - 184,

Famous residents and natives

• Bykov, Egor Pakhomovich - a peasant in the village of Glinchino, a member of the II State Duma .
• Kovalevskaya, Sofya Vasilievna - spent her childhood in the estate of father Polybino , Nevelsky district, Vitebsk province.

3 camps , 20 volosts , about 2 thousand villages, villages and so on.

List of volosts (as of 1914): ^[1]

1. Alekseevskaya volost (8 rural societies)
2. Berezovskaya volost (5 rural societies) - v. Berezovo
3. Gultyaevskaya volost (3 rural societies) - the village of Pashki
4. Dolys volost (3 rural societies) - Dolysy churchyard
5. Dominican volost (3 rural societies) - with. Belokhvostovo
6. Emenets volost (3 rural societies) - graveyard Emenets
7. Zyabkinsky volost (5 rural societies) - churchyard Friday
8. Karulinsky volost (4 rural societies) - with. Shcherbino
9. Koshelevskaya (Psovskaya) volost (1 rural society) - Koshelevo churchyard
10. Kubetskaya volost (5 rural societies) - Graveyard Cup
11. Novo-Voznesenskaya volost (4 rural societies)
12. Ploskovsky volost (4 rural societies) - Ploskoy estate
13. Rykshin volost (6 rural societies) - p. Rykshino
14. Sokolnitsky volost (12 rural societies) - with. Sokolniki
15. Staetskaya volost (2 rural societies) - with. Turicino
16. Toporsky volost (6 rural societies) - Axes churchyard
17. Trekhalevsky volost (3 rural societies) - the estate of Trekhalevo
18. Chernetsov parish (3 rural societies) - v. Chernetsova
19. Chuprov volost (5 rural societies) - Chuprov estate
20. Shalakhovo volost (5 rural societies) - village Shalakhovo

• Nevel, the county town of Vitebsk province // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Old maps of Nevelsky district