Wang Jingwei Mode

During the Sino-Japanese War, after the occupation of a large part of the Manchu and Chinese territory, the Japanese were faced with the problem of managing these lands. In addition, Japan was not ready for the protracted nature of the war. The gigantic size of the occupied zone did not match the military capabilities of Tokyo. Counting on creating a mechanism of political control over the seized territory, the occupiers set about creating local puppet Chinese authorities. On December 14, 1937, the establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China headed by Wang Kemin was proclaimed in Beijing. On March 28, 1938, the Reformed Government of the Republic of China headed by Liang Hongzhi was created in Nanking.

Wang Jinwei , being one of the leaders of the Kuomintang party , rose to pro-Japanese positions during the war, and in December 1938 fled from Chongqing (where the temporary capital of the Chinese Republic was located ) to Hanoi , to the territory of French Indochina, where on December 29, 1938, he suggested starting with Japan talks about peace. Wounded by Chinese agents, he moved to Japanese-controlled Shanghai three months later, where he entered into negotiations with the Japanese authorities. In January 1940, a number of members of the CEC of the Kuomintang ( Wang Jingwei , Chen Gongbo , Zhou Fohai , and others) held a meeting in Qingdao , where they developed proposals for "rebuilding" the Kuomintang government. On March 30, 1940, the creation of a “central government” in Nanjing was solemnly announced, with Wang Jingwei becoming the acting chairman; The “Provisional Government of the Republic of China” and the “Reformed Government of the Republic of China” were dissolved to underscore the national character of the new Nanking government.

The government of Wang Jingwei issued a declaration calling for the Chongqing government and army to cease hostilities and unite to fight communism, recognizing the "new order in East Asia." The Japanese helped the "central government" to create their own army, which was supposed to take on the burden of appeasing the Japanese rear. Two-thirds of the collaborationist Chinese army consisted of the Kuomintang units that had been crushed and surrendered, their number was about 800 thousand; it was led by former Kuomintang generals who had gone over to the side of the invaders or voluntarily surrendered to captivity.

The Japanese put two main tasks before the new allies: the first was to exert political pressure on Chongqing, to achieve the cessation of its resistance on a common anti-communist platform (the new government’s declaration, leaving the post of prime minister, dissolving the Peking government, etc.) were aimed at that goal. ), the second is to create a “appeasement” apparatus for the Japanese rear.

In an effort to strengthen the position of their puppets, to help them find some kind of social base, the invaders were forced to make some concessions to the propertied strata of the occupied regions of China. In 1941, the Japanese government even banned the military authorities to confiscate the property of collaborators, and also decided to encourage the business activities of the Chinese bourgeoisie.

After the outbreak of war in the Pacific, the Japanese government attempted to involve the Nanking government in carrying out its aggressive policy, and to this end, raise its international prestige. In December 1942, Tokyo decided to abandon the unequal treaties and agreements with China , which, according to the plan of the organizers of this action, was to produce a corresponding political effect on both China and the colonial countries of Asia. On the basis of this decision, on January 9, 1943, an agreement was signed between Tokyo and Nanking to return settlements , to abolish the right to extraterritoriality, etc., for humiliating restrictions for China. The "grateful" government of Wang Jingwei, in turn, announced the entry of China into the Pacific War on the side of Japan.

After Wang Jingwei died in November 1944, Chen Gunbo became the acting head of the government.

Population

The regional population of this state was probably compiled closer to 1937–38 by the Nanjing Ministry of the Interior:

• Jiangsu: 15,804,623
• Anhui: 23,354,188
• Zhejiang: 21,230,749

The population of the main cities was approximately:

• Nanjing: 1,100,000
• Shanghai: 3,703,430 (including 75,000 foreigners)
• Hangzhou: 389,000
• Ningbo: 250,000
• Hankou: 804,526 (during the occupation)

Other population estimates were different:

• Shanghai: 3,500,000
• Hankou: 778,000

Other sources in 1940 reported that the total number of residents increased to 182 million.

• Liang Hongzhi - President and Head of the Government of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1938-1940)
• Wang Jingwei - President and Head of Government (1940-1944)
• Chen Gongbo - President and Head of Government after the death of Wang Jingwei (1944-1945)
• Zhou Fohai - Vice President and Minister of Finance (1940-1945)
• Chu Minyi - Ambassador to Yokohama, Japan; Foreign Secretary
• Bao Wenue - Minister of the Armed Forces
• Ren Yuandao - Minister of the Navy
• Xiao Shuyuan - Head of the General Staff
• Yang Cuyi - Minister of Military Training
• Li Shitsun - the head of the secret intelligence service " Tevu "
• Ding Motsun - Minister of State. security

• Tao Liang - Chinese landowner and politician
• Tao Xisheng - Kuomintang politician

Foreign specialists

• Nobuyuki Abe - Japanese political consultant at the Nanking Administration
• Kaya Okinori - Japanese nationalist, businessman and trade advisor to the Nanking administration
• Teiichi Suzuki - civilian and military consultant for the Nanking Administration

Ambassadors

• Kumatrao Honda - Japanese Ambassador in Nanjing; civil and military adviser
• Heinrich Georg Stamer - German Ambassador to Nanking ( January 19, 1942 - 1943 )
• Ernst Wörmann - German Ambassador to Nanking ( August 3, 1943 - May 8, 1945 )