Yishan Yining ( Jap. 一山 一 寧 Issan Itinei , monastic name of Chinese trad. 一 寧 , ex. 一 宁 , pinyin : Yīníng , hao Chinese repr . 一山 , pinyin : Yīshān ; in the world bore the name Hu Chinese . 胡 , pinyin : Hú ; 1247 , Linhai , Taizhou , Zhejiang , China - November 28, 1317 , Kyoto , Japan ) - a Chinese Buddhist monk and diplomat of the Yuan period, a major Zen master in Japan (popularizer of the Rinzai school in the military-feudal estate), writer and calligrapher of the Kamakura period . Known for his activities in Japan, primarily as the pioneer of literature, Godzan Bungaku , [1] [2] oriented toward the Chinese language and literary forms of the Suna era and, according to V. N. Goreglyad in TSB , is the highest point in the development of Japanese literature Chinese language. [3]
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Bibliography
- 3 References
- 4 Literature
- 5 notes
- 6 See also
Biography
A native of Zhejiang , Yining was tonsured a monk as a child in the Hongfu-si monastery (鴻福 寺), took full vows of a monk in the Puguan-si monastery (普光寺), studied Vinaya , the teachings of the Tiantai school (and the Lotus Sutra ), and then turned to chan Buddhism . Having replaced a number of teachers, he became the successor to the teachings of Wanji Shinmi (頑 極 行 彌, Jap. Gankyoku Gömi), the fourth holder of the line of teaching Mian Xianji (1118–1186). [4] [5] Over time, he became abbot of the Puji Monastery on Putoshan Island [6] and became widely known.
In 1299 (the third year of Dade’s reign, under Khan Temur-Aljait ), he was sent with a diplomatic mission to Japan to establish relations with the bakufu . Upon arriving in Kamakura, he was arrested by Hojo Sadatoki (北 条 貞 時; 1271–1311) on suspicion of espionage, but then Hojo infused respect for Inin and released him.
Yishan Inin decided to stay in Japan and became an influential Zen teacher of the Rinzai school, rector and calligrapher.
He served in the Zen monasteries in Kamakura: Kento-ji , Engaku-ji and Joti-ji (淨 智 寺). In 1313 [7] he was invited by ex-emperor Go-Oud (後 宇 多; rules 1274–87) to Kyoto to head the Nanzen-ji monastery, the most influential Zen monastery of the time. His name is most firmly connected with this monastery. [8]
He became one of the most active Zen promoters among the new military aristocracy. Being sophisticated in various types of literature, including historiography and poetry, in the midst of monasticism he laid an orientation on the monastic and literary culture of the Song Empire, and is considered the initiator of the literary movement of the godzan bungaku. [9]
For Yishan Inin, poetry and art were not directly subordinate to religion and had their own value. His literary heritage is small, but his teaching talent allowed him to prepare a number of students who had a decisive influence on Japanese culture. [2] Among his students, in addition to Go-Oud being extremely attached to him, there were such influential Zen masters as Muso Soseki , [10] Sasson Yubai and Kokan Shiren . [1] Sesson Yubai became his successor in the dharma . [2]
Yishan Inin committed suicide in 1317 after a serious illness and repeated requests for resignation.
He was posthumously awarded the title of “Mentor of the State” by the Japanese Imperial Court (国 师kokushi ).
Ishan Inin left exquisite poetic works, as well as a description of the Zen monastery discourse. The cursive calligraphy of Yishan Inin, the samples of which were preserved in the originals and copies in the monasteries with which he was associated, became the object of collecting and studying.
Bibliography
- 『一山 国 師 語録』 (Issen State Mentor Supplements)
Links
- 一山 一 宁 in Bideupedia
Literature
- Baroni, Helen Josephine. The illustrated encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism. The Rosen Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN 0823922405 , 9780823922406 pp. 156
- 楼 筱 环 and 张家成。 元代 普陀山 高僧 一山 一 宁 зд Iss. 宗教 文化 出版社, 2009. ISBN 978-7-80254-102-3
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Louis-Frédéric, Käthe Roth. Japan encyclopedia. Harvard University Press, 2005. ISBN 0674017536 , 9780674017535 pp. 402
- ↑ 1 2 3 Heinrich Dumoulin, James W. Heisig, Paul F. Knitter. Zen Buddhism: a History: Japan. Treasures of the world religions (Vol. 2). World Wisdom, Inc, 2005. ISBN 0941532909 , 9780941532907
- ↑ Goreglyad V.N. Japanese literature. Archived April 12, 2009 by Wayback Machine In an article in Japan, The Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ↑ Turner, Jane. The dictionary of art. Grove's Dictionaries, 1996. ISBN 1884446000 , 9781884446009 pp. 756
- ↑ The Transmission of Zen to Japan on the Official Website of the Joint Council of Zen Schools of Rinzai and Obaku
- ↑ Isle of Mount Putuo 2007 , Putuoshan Scenic Area Management Committee website
- ↑ The Transmission of Zen to Japan on the Official Website of the Joint Council of Zen Schools of Rinzai and Obaku
- ↑ Heine, Steven, Dale S. Wright. Zen classics: formative texts in the history of Zen Buddhism. Oxford University Press US, 2006. ISBN 0195175255 , 9780195175257 p. 144
- ↑ Brinker, Helmut. Zen in the art of painting. Taylor & Francis, 1987. ISBN 1850630585 , 9781850630586 p. 51
- ↑ Deal, William E. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Oxford University Press US, 2007. ISBN 0195331265 , 9780195331264 pp. 38
See also
- Xijian Zitan
- Wan Puning