Goretsky, Maxim Ivanovich

Born into a peasant family. In 1913 he graduated from the Goretskoye surveying - agronomic school. In 1913 - 1914 he worked in Vilnius as a draftsman and land surveyor. With the outbreak of World War I in the summer of 1914, Maxim Goretsky volunteered for the army, took part in battles, and was wounded. After the hospital, he was sent to the Pavlovsk Military School in Petrograd (1916), received the rank of ensign and went to the front. Soon after illness he was sent for treatment, and then completely dismissed from the army.

In 1917 he served on the Smolensk Council, collaborated with the newspaper Izvestia of the Smolensk Council. He worked in the editorial office of the newspaper Zvezda, with which in 1919 he first moved to Minsk with the formation of the BSSR, and with the formation of LitBel, to Vilnius .

After the annexation by Poland of the Vilnius region, he taught the Belarusian language as a teacher at the Belarusian gymnasium in Vilna . He was also the editor of the Belarusian newspapers Our Dumka (Our Thought) and Belaruskaya Vedamaststi .

Before the local elections in 1922 he was arrested. Thanks to protests outside Poland, the mass arrests of Belarusian and Lithuanian public figures were expelled to Lithuania .

In 1923 he moved to Minsk . In the BSSR, he worked as a teacher of the Belarusian language and literature at the Belarusian State University , the Communist University in Minsk , the Minsk Veterinary College, the Belarusian Agricultural Academy in Gorki (in the latter he headed the department of the Belarusian language, literature and history).

He was a full member of Inbelkult (Institute of Belarusian Culture) - an organization that preceded the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR . During this period, he studied the latest Belarusian literature.

Repression

In 1929, along with many other Belarusian writers, he was criticized in the press, and on July 19, 1930 he was arrested on charges of involvement in the Belarus Liberation Union and was soon exiled to Kirov (Vyatka) for 5 years, where he worked as a draftsman.

Since 1935 he worked as a teacher of Russian language and literature in the village of Pesochnya, Smolensk region (now Kirov, Kaluga region).

On November 4, 1937, the NKVD was re-arrested. According to the decision of the “troika”, the NKVD was executed on February 10, 1938 .

November 15, 1957 was rehabilitated.

Family

Maxim Goretsky was married to Leonilla Ustinovna Chernyavskaya, from whom Goretsky had two children - son Leonid (died in 1944 at the front) and daughter Galina.

The younger brother is a geologist, demographer, one of the first academicians of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences Gavril Goretsky , his nephew is a geologist, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Radim Garetsky .

Goretsky’s debut as a writer took place in the publication of the story “ Lazne ” (Bath) in 1913 in the newspaper “ Nasha Niva ”, in which many Belarusian writers and poets were published at that time. In 1914, the collection “Run” was published in Vilnius, the publication was paid for by Princess Maria Magdalena Radziwill . Subsequently, Goretsky published several collections of short stories and short stories. Many of Goretsky’s works are devoted to the war he experienced, including the most famous ones - “ Tsikhaya Plyn ” (Quiet Current) and “ On the Imperial Vine ”.

In 1920, Goretsky wrote and published the first history of Belarusian literature. Subsequently, he wrote several more works on this topic. In addition, Goretsky compiled several Belarusian-Russian and Russian-Belarusian dictionaries.

Goretsky’s works have been translated into Bulgarian , Latvian , Lithuanian , German , Polish , Russian and Ukrainian .

Goretsky himself translated into Belarusian the “ Word about Igor’s Regiment ”, some works of Maxim Gorky , the works of Yu. Lebedinsky “Commissars” and “Week”; A. Fadeeva "The rout".

Maxim Goretsky also worked in the field of criticism, was a literary critic and linguist. He was the first to write “The History of Belarusian Literature” (Vilna, 1920, 4th issue, Mensk, 1926). The author of the literary and critical work " Maladnyak " (1928), "Chrestamaty Belarus Belarus Literature. XI century - 1905 ”(Vilnius, 1922),“ Ruska-Belarusskag Sloannika ”(with G. Gareckim, Smalensk, 1918, 2nd issue, Vilnius, 1920),“ Belarus-rasyskag Sloannika ”(3rd issue , 1925), “Practitioner of the mask-Belarusian mask” (with M. Baykov, 1924, 2nd issue, 1926). Issued a collection of “Folk Song of Melodyam” (recorded ad matz, melody recorded by A. Yagora and M. Alada, 1928).

Lifetime editions

• Atrut - 1913
• "Run" - 1914
• "Anton" - 1919
• “Two souls” - 1919
• Muterka - 1920
• "Tsikhiya Songs" ("Tsikhaya Wormwood") - 1926
• "Dosvіtkі" - 1926
• “Chirvonyya Ruzhy” - 1923
• "Zhartaglivy Pisarevich" - 1925
• “Not of hellish faith” - 1928
• “Gapon i Lyubachka” - 1929

Novels

• "Vilenskiya Kamunary" (1934-1935)
• The Kamaroў’s Chronicle (1930-1932-1937; the work remained unfinished)

Translated into Russian

• Goretsky M. I. Favorites: Tales, novel-chronicle [Transl. with Belarusian.] / M. I. Goretsky; [Editorial: I. A. Bryl et al. Comp., Entry. Art. and comment. M.I. Mushinsky]. - Minsk: Mastats. Lit., 1988 .-- 543 p. - (Belarusian prose)
• Goretsky M.I. Red roses: Selected / M.I. Goretsky; Per. with Belarus. L. Nightingale. - Minsk: Mastatskaya lit., 1976 .-- 494 p.
• Goretsky M.I. Vilna Communists; Silent course: Novel-Chronicle Tale / M. I. Goretsky; Translation from Belarus. A. Gatova; [Foreword M. Lujanina Il .: V.E. Valerius]. - Moscow: Sov. writer, 1966. - 281 p.

• In the village of Bogatkovka, his Goretsky Museum was created; the library in Gorki, streets in Minsk, Mstislavl, Gorki were named in his honor; monuments were erected in Minsk and Vyazma, a memorial plaque in Gorki. In 1997, the International Fund of the Goretsky Brothers was created.
• In 1993 , on the occasion of the centenary of Maxim Goretsky, the Belarusian post issued a postage stamp .
• In Minsk, on Revolutionary Street , a memorial plaque and a monument in honor of Goretsky were installed ^[1] .

A memorial plaque on the building of the former Vilnius Belarusian Gymnasium was erected to M Goretsky in Vilnius.

• In Vyazma, a commemorative sign is installed at the proposed burial site ^[2] .
• In 1997, the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy opened a memorial museum-cabinet named after M. Goretsky, a lecture room in the 4th building of the Academy was named after him, and in 2002 a nominal scholarship named after Maxim Goretsky was established. She is awarded to foreign students for success in learning the Russian language.
• His name is inscribed on a chronicle stone near the village of Myasot (the 62nd km of the Minsk-Molodechno highway), established in honor of famous people driving along this ancient highway.
• In 1992, the first scientific Goretsky readings took place in Gorki on the basis of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. Since 1996, International Goretsky Readings have been held in Minsk ^[3] .
• In May 2013, a memorial plaque in honor of Goretsky appeared in Kirov . ^[four]

• Adamovich, A. “I don’t adore the garb of bribes ...” - Mn., 1980. - 224 p.
• Bugayў, D. Maxim Garecki. - Мn .: Belarus. Navuka, 2003 .-- 237, p.
• Bugayў, Dz. Garecki Maxim Ivanavich // Belarus Savetskaya Entsyklapedyya. At 12 t. T. 3. Vedas - Grafik / Belarusian Savetskaya Entsyklapedyya; Redkal.: P.U. Broўka (Gal. Red.) І інш. - Mn .: BelSE, 1971. - S. 374.
• Vabishchevich, T.I. Maxim Garetsky ў literary search 1913: yes prablemy dyferencysyatsy natsyyanalnay chytatskay supolnaststsi / Tatstsyana Vabishchevich // Maxim i Gayryla Garetskіya. Life and creative work (yes, 115 years old for the day of Maxim Garetskag): XVI Garetsky chytanni: materilyaly chytannyў, Minsk, 15 lutaga 2008 / [editorial office: R. Garecki (ed. 28). .
• Garecki, R. G. Brothers of Garecki / Radzym Garecki; [pradmova Dz. Bugaeva, s. 3-8]. - Minsk: Medysont, 2008 .-- 340 p.
• Dasaeva, T. M. Letapis zhіstsya і creative hours Maxim Gareck. - Mn .: Navuka i tehnika, 1993 .-- 87 p.
• Kazhamyak G. Maxim Garetsky i Kuzma Chorny: yes problems with the directory / G. Kazhamyakin // Zbornik Yes 100-year-old Dzadlіmіra Duboўkі, Uladzіmіra Zhylkі, Kuz'ma arnukov / Zbornyk Nav. red L. Dz. Sinkovay. - Minsk: BDU, 2001 .-- S. 131-134.
• Kaўka A.K. Garetsky Maxim Ivanavich // Encyclopedic histories of Belarus. At 6 t. T. 2: Belitsk - Hymn / Belarus. Encekl .; Redcal .: B. І. Sachanka (Gal. Red.) Іnsh .; Mast. E.E. Zhakevich. - Mn .: BelEn, 1994. - 537 p., [8] c .: il. ISBN 5-85700-142-0 . S.494-496.
• The Koran (Sinkova) , L.D. Maxim Garecki // Tsukrovy penik: lit.-covered. art. - Мn .: Mast.lіt., 1996. - p. 22-65.
• Liўshyts U.M. Maxim Garecki - living and working. Metadychny materials and parades ап dapamogu prapandistam knigi. Magileў: the abdominal brand name amataraў knigi. 1993. - 34 p.
• Liўshyts U. M. Litaraturn Museum of Maxim Gareck. Karotki davennik - Orsha: adzel of culture of the Goratskag rayvikankama, 1997. - 69 p. ISBN 985-6120-13-6
• Liўshyts, U.M. Maxim Garecki: expressing wisdom (yes, 125 years old on the day of Narajennya) / - Gorki: issuer of the BDSGA, 2018.- 180 p. : il. ISBN 978-985-467-785-9 .
• Makarevich, A. N. In different style trends: The problem of genre and style in the stories of the 1920s by M. Goretsky and T. Gartny. - Yekaterinburg: Ural Plus, 1995 .-- 176 p.
• Maksimovich, V. A. Belarusian Madernism: the esthetic self-identified literature of the XXth century / V. A. Maksimovich; [Navuk. red A. A. Loyka]. - Mn .: Bel. jarz. Univ., 2001 .-- 226, p.
• Martsinovich A. Brama, the adverted ў eternity: dzetsyam pra Maxima Garetskaga: nrysys. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literature, 2013 .-- 206 p. - (Gistoryya ў asobah). - ISBN 978-985-02-1423-2 .
• Mushynski, A. Padzvizhnik from Malaya Bagatska :ki: zhytstsy and creative works of Maxim Garecka / Mіhas Mushynski; [Navukov’s editors A.M. Makarevich]; The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Institute of Language and Literature, Name of Y. Kolas and Y. Kupala. - Minsk: Belaruskaya Navuka, 2008. - 509, [1] p., [8] p. іл.
• Pshyrkoў, Yulіyan. Maxim Garecki Iago Raman "Vilenskiya Kamunary" // Garecki Maxim. Vіlenskіya Kamunars. Raman Chronicle. - М .: Belarus, 1965 .-- 356 p.
• Sіnkova L.D. Laughing language of the sign of the Natsyyanalnag ў creators of Maxim Garetskag / L.D. Sіnkova // Belarusian literature: navukova-metadychny zbornik / gal. red L. D. Sinkova. - Vol. 6. - Minsk: BDU, 2008 .-- S. 47-51.
• Straltsў M. Chalavek z Malaya Bagatska // // Straltsў, M. L. Ad maladzika yes poўni: apavyadanni, apovestsi, ese / Mihas Straltsў; way. V. Straltsovay. - Mn .: Mast. Let, 2005 .-- S. 323—336.
• Tychyna M. Maxim Garecki and the “friend” problem ў Iago creators / M. Tychyna // Rodnaya slova. - 2003. - No. 2. - S. 5-9.
• Tychyna M. At the patmas hill: Creativity of Maxim Garetskag / M. Tychyna // Rodnoe slova. - 1993. - No. 2. - S. 15-22.
• Fitsner, T.A. ўZaemadzeyannya: materials of the International Navukova Practical Conference: (Minsk, May 28, 2008) / [editorial office: V. A. Maksimovich (Navukov editor) і інш.] - P. 481―486. - Bіblіyagrafіya: 9 names.
• Chmarava, M.I. Navukova praci V. Lastoўskaga i M. Garecka ў цц чкахкахках эшэш крыскай айэш кры кры кры кры кры 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920 1920ў 1920 1920ў 1920 1920 1920/1920 адўў / M. І. Chmarava // Belarusian Standard Literature and Praceses of the Slavic Cultural-Tsyvilizatsynaga емzaemadzeyannya: Material of the International Navukova-Practical Conference: (Minsk, May 28, 2008) / [red. ―504
• Chygryn, I. P. Pamіzh past and future: Prose M. І. Garetskaga / І. P. Chygryn. - 2nd issue, vyp. - Mn .: Bel. Navuka, 2003 .-- 166 p. ISBN 985-08-0539-0 .
• Shyshko, A. V. Traditsy M. Gogal ў Belarusian Literature: on the creative material of Y. Kolas and M. Garetskag / Alena Shyshko // Slavonic literature ў Kanteksce Susvetnay: VIII International Banking Day, 125 days Yakub Kolas, 1―3 of the list of 2007, Minsk, BDU: zbornik navukovyh artykul [/ [pad agulnaya redaktsyyay I. S. Roўdy] - S. 63―66.
• Garecki Maxim // Belaruskіnі pіsmennіkі (1917-1990): Davednіk; Stock. A.K. Gardzitsky. Nav.red. A. L. Verabey. - Mn .: Mastatsky Literature, 1994.— 653 p.
• Garecki readings: Theses of the report пав Pavedamlennya (Gorki, 17-19 lutag 1993) / Redkal .: U. M. Lіshyts (Ad.red.) І інш. - Gorki, 1993 .-- 148 p.
• Maxim and Gagryla Garecki іh Gramadsk-cultural and navukova-creative asyarodze: XV Garecki chytanni, Minsk, 7 Cherven, 2007 / [editorial office: R. Garecki (order of the editor). - Minsk, 2008 .-- 115 p.
• Uspams, artykuls, documents / warehouse. A. S. Lis, I.U. Salamevich. - Mn .: Mastatsky Literature, 1984. - 366 p.
• Enceclapedia gistory Belarus. At 6 t. T. 2: Belitsk - Hymn / Belarus. Encekl .; Redcal .: B. І. Sachanka (Gal. Red.) Іnsh .; Mast. E.E. Zhakevich. - Mn .: BelEn, 1994. - 537 p., [8] c .: il. ISBN 5-85700-142-0 .
• Vytautas Žeimantas. Baltarusių rašytojas M. Hareckis ir jo senasis Vilnius // Lietuvos aidas, 2009 liepos 3 ir 4 d. (in Lithuanian)

Theses

• Atrashkevich, V. I. The problem of autobiography in Belarusian Soviet fiction of the 1920s: Based on the works of Tishka Gartny, Goretsky, Yakub Kolas: abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. - Mn., 1979. - 24 p.
• Golub, T. S. Tekstalogіya tvoraў Maksima Garetskaga: Pryntsypy vyd. Consciousness to Creator: Ataref. dys. on atrimanna wuchon. stupas Cand. file. Navuk: 10.01.11 / Golub Teresa Stanislavna; Nat Acad. Navuk Belarusі, Ін-т lit. Name Y. Kupaly. - Mn., 2000. - 20 p.
• Gubskaya V. M. Raman M. Garetskaga “The Vilenskia of the Kamunars” ў Kanteksse Belarussian prose of the 1920s – 1930s ад gadў: genre of Navatarism: ўtaref. dys. ... cand. file. Navuk: 10.01.01 / V. M. Gubskaya; BDU. - Minsk, 2012 .-- 24 p.
• Dasaeva, T.N. Paetika lіryzmu ў Belarusian publicists and mastase prose: Аўtaref. dys. on atrym. wuchon. stupas Dr. Filal. Navuk: 01/10/10; 01/10/01 / Dasaev Tatstsyana Mіkalaeўna; Bel. jarz. un-t - Mn., 2002 .-- 39 p.
• Kazhamyakin, G.V. Idain-mastak evaluations of creative work Maxim Garetskag: an abstract of the dozertatsy at the atraman of learning the steps of the Candidate of Philosophical Sciences: 10.01.01 / Kazhamyakin Genadz Vyachaslavavich; Belaruski dzyarzhaany unіversіtet. - Minsk, 2007 .-- 21 p.
• Knysh, L. S. Gutarkova kamunіkatsyya ў mastaksky prose by Maxim Garetskag: ways to style: aterate of the doctertsy at the atrymanna step on the steps of Candidate of Philological Studies: 02.10.01 / Knysh Larysa Syargee. - Minsk, 2006 .-- 20 p.
• Korotkov, N. N. The early prose of M. Goretsky: style problem: dissertation abstract for the degree of candidate of philological sciences: 10.01.03 / Nikolay Nikolaevich Korotkov; Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR, Institute of Literature I. Kupala. - Minsk, 1989 .-- 21 p.
• Makhankov, Yu.V. Formation of Belarusian Soviet prose and tradition of L.N. Tolstoy (Y. Kolas, M. Goretsky, K. Chorny): Abstract of thesis for the degree of Candidate of Philological Sciences (01.01. 02.01.01.01) / Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Institute of Literary Sciences Y. Kupaly. - Mn., 1991 .-- 19 p.
• Savitskaya, І.І. Lexical cartography M. Garetskaga: monastic and kantekst, pharmaceutical vocabulary, narmalizarskaya practice: Antareph. dys. on atrimanna wuchon. stupas Cand. file. Navuk: 02.10.01 / Savitskaya Iryna Ivanana; Belarus jarz. un-t - Mn., 2002 .-- 19 p.
• Sinkova, L. D. Belarusian prose of the twentieth stagodja: melons of genre structures: Аўtaref. dys. on atrym. the wooch. stupas Dr. Filal. Navuk: 10.01.01 / Belarus. jarz. un-t - Mn., 1996 .-- 41 p.
• Smal, V.M. Belorussian apovies for the youth of the 20th reptile XX stagodja: stleleva-genre specialty: Аўtaref. dys. on atrimanna wuchon. stupas Cand. file. Navuk: 01/10/01: 04/27/2004 / Smal Valyantsіn Mіkalaevich; [Establishment of the aducatsi "Brest. jarz. un-t ім. A. S. Pushkina "]. - Brest, 2004 .-- 20 p.
• Tarasova, T. N. The problem of "Man and War" in the works of Maxim Goretsky and Henri Barbusse: Author. dis. for a job. scientist step. Cand. filol. Sciences: 10.01.03; 10.01.05 / Tarasova Tamara Nikolaevna; Acad. Sciences of the BSSR, Institute of Literature. them. Y. Kolas. - Mn., 1986. - 20 p.
• Utkevich, V.I. Typoalogy natsyyanalnaga character ў creative hours Knut Hamsun and Maxima Garetskaga: ateraterat dysertatsy on atrymanna vuchonai steps of the Candidate of Philosophical Sciences: 10.01.03; 01/10/01: 02/20/2006. - Minsk, 2006 .-- 21 p.
• Shyshko, A.V. Mastatska аб With a full understanding of the character ў playwright Maxim Garetskag: ateratserat dysertatsy on the atrymanna vuchonai graduated from the Candidate of Philological Studies: 01.10.01 / Shyshko Alena Vykentsen. - Minsk, 2009 .-- 23 p.

• Maxim Ivanovich Goretsky in the collection “Represavany literati, navukoўcy, work asvety, gramadskі i cultural dzeyachy Belarus. 1794-1991 " (Belarusian)
• Selected works in the library knihi.com (bel.)
• An article about Maxim Goretsky in a literary journal in Russian // A. Wonavi, 2014