Sylvester III ( lat. Silvester PP. III; in the world of Giovanni dei Crescentia - Ottaviani , Italian Giovanni dei Crescenzi - Ottaviani ;? - 1062 or 1063 ) - Pope from January 20 to March 10, 1045 . In a number of studies, it is called antipope .
| Sylvester III | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| lat Silvester PP. III | |||
| |||
| January 20, 1045 - March 10, 1045 | |||
| Church | Roman catholic church | ||
| Predecessor | Benedict IX | ||
| Successor | Benedict IX | ||
| Birth name | Giovanni dei Crescentius - Ottaviani | ||
| Birth | |||
| Death | |||
Election
After the expulsion of Benedict IX from Rome in September 1044 , Giovanni, bishop of Sabina , was elected pope against his will on January 13, 1045 , [1] after much debate between Roman families. With the support of his relatives from the house of Crescentia , headed by Count Gerardo di Galeria, he was ordained on January 20 under the name of Sylvester III [2] . The Romans, as Ferdinand Gregorovius wrote, almost unanimously supported Sylvester and renounced Benedict.
Pontificate
Sylvester was accused, perhaps falsely, of having obtained his election by bribery, although Gerardo was most likely involved in this. A month after the election, Benedict IX returned from the rival family of Tuscolo . On March 9, 1045 , he expelled Sylvester from Rome, and he returned to Sabina. The next day, Benedict declared the pope deposed and returned to the papal throne. He subsequently sold the papal title to Giovanni Graziani, who became Pope Gregory VI. After the death of Gregory, he refused claims to return to Rome.
Life after the Pontificate
The Cathedral in Sutri (December 1046 ) deprived Sylvester of the priesthood and sent him to the monastery. Despite this decision, he served as bishop of Sabina until at least 1062 , and his successor took office in 1063 .
After the deposition of Sylvester in 1045 , nine more popes were replaced before his death (Gregory VI, Clement II, Damasius II, Leo IX, Victor II, Stefan IX, Benedict X, Nicholas II, Alexander II), but no one thought about returning Sylvester to the throne did not allow leaving him forever in Sabine, knowing that he sought to return to the papal throne [3] .
Numbering Issues
Although the status of Sylvester III as the legal pope in the past caused some debate (some considered him an anti-dad, as the decisions of the Council in Sutri said), in the modern official list of popes he takes the place of the 146th pope. In the basilica of São Paulo fuori le Mura between Benedict IX and Gregory VI, his portrait is not.
Notes
- ↑ John ND Kelly, Gran dizionario illustrato dei papi , Casale Monferrato (AL), Edizioni Piemme SpA, 1989, ISBN 88-384-1326-6 , p. 387
- ↑ Lortz J. Church History, examined in relation to the history of ideas, v. 1-2. - M .: Christian Russia, 1999.
- ↑ John ND Kelly, Gran Dizionario Illustrato dei Papi , Casale Monferrato (AL), Edizioni Piemme SpA, 1989, ISBN 88-384-1326-6 , p. 388
Links
- Sylvester, popes // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- John ND Kelly . Gran Dizionario Illustrato dei Papi, Casale Monferrato (AL), Edizioni Piemme SpA, 1989, ISBN 88-384-1326-6 .