Akhtyrka (manor)

The village of Denisovo, Dutkino Tozh, near Hotkov , in the 17th century, the possession of the Panin family became the property of the Trubetskys in the middle of the 18th century, when Prince Ivan Yuryevich acquired it from Vasily Tatishchev . In 1772 a wooden church was built in the village in honor of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God and it became known by the temple - Akhtyrka.

In the first quarter of the XIX century, on the order of Prince I. N. Trubetskoy , a new manor complex was built in the style of the Moscow Empire style: a palace, outbuildings, a new stone church in honor of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God, which was consecrated on September 20, 1825 by Metropolitan Philaret . In the same years, a dam and a pier on the Vorya River were built, a park with an aeolian harp in the Hermitage gazebo was laid out; erected numerous office buildings. The neighboring forest received the name of the upper (landscape) park.

The Akhtyrsky temple was designed by A. S. Kutepov , one of Gilardi’s students. Other estate buildings are also attributed to him:

Kutepov perfectly reproduced here the type of estate architecture that was found and carried out by the father and head of Moscow classicism MF Kazakov in the untimely Kuzminki . Not a very outstanding master, Kutepov in the house of Akhtyrka created that meisterwerk , which, however, at least once in his life falls to the lot and the small master ^[3] .

The most complete picture of the appearance of the estate complex is provided by a lithograph of the mid-19th century, however, it does not quite accurately reflect reality. "It is true that the owner and the organizer liked the estate, once he decided to perpetuate it <...> by depicting what was not in reality, what else was only painted mentally to the owner as the future decoration of his favorite Moscow region" ( A. Grech ) ^[1] . The pier depicted in lithography with obelisks in Egyptian style was not built in reality.

In 1852, General Peter Ivanovich Trubetskoy inherited his parents' estate, his son Nikolai Petrovich and grandchildren Sergei and Yevgeny were born here, later religious philosophers who described the life of Akhtyrka in their memoirs ^[4] . General Trubetskoy was remembered by the residents of Akhtyrka with his cool temper. He demanded that at the entrance of the gentleman over the dome of the estate immediately hoisted the flag, and in memory of his mother installed a column in the estate.

The next owner, Nikolai Petrovich, was a much softer man. With him, Akhtyrka turned into a meeting place for the Moscow noble intelligentsia . Since N. P. Trubetskoy stood at the origins of the Moscow Conservatory , his colleague NG Rubinstein often visited him. Other professors of the Conservatory were also often there - cellists Bernhard Kossmann and Wilhelm Fitzenhagen , violinists Ferdinand Laub and Ivan Grzhimali ^[5] ; in 1867 P. I. Tchaikovsky visited the estate ^{[5] [6]} . According to A. Grech, “Akhtyrka was never famous for the luxury of festivities, the splendor of decoration, the whims of the owners - here life flowed smoothly and calmly, in an atmosphere of true culture” ^[1] .

Broad charity led to the exhaustion of the state of N. P. Trubetskoy. In order to support Ivan’s brother who lost in the cards, Nikolai Petrovich was forced to sell Akhtyrka to the Moscow magistrate judge I. M. Matveyev. The last owner of the estate was his son, Sergey Ivanovich Matveev, a gardener scientist ^{[5] [6]} , in which in the greenhouses of Akhtyrka there were flowers all year round. The Empire style created a unique image of antiquity, which attracted directors from the Khanzhonkov Film Studio , who made films with Vera Kholodnaya ("Moon Beauty", "Children of the Century") in Akhtyrka.

In 1922 the palace burned down, the outbuildings gradually collapsed. The Matveyevs were evicted in 1927. The temple was preserved, it was closed since 1937, and in 1941 it was sacked; for some time it was used as a vegetable store, and in the 70s of the 20th century it was claimed by artists from Abramtsev : the sculptor S. D. Tavasiev created an equestrian sculpture of Salavat Yulaev in it ^[6] .

In 1980, the Abramtsevo Museum-Reserve obtained a decision on the restoration of the church (the project of the architect-restorer N. V. Shemshurina). In 1991 the church was transferred to the community of believers, services were resumed ^{[6] [7]} . The temple is classified as an architectural monument of federal significance. There was also a project to restore the estate, but it had to be abandoned because its place was occupied by several buildings.

The two-storey manor house with a six-column portico of the Ionic order , covered with a large dome, was successfully placed on a hill, from where you could go down the slope to a wooden pier on the dammed river. The opposite side of the house was treated with a semicircular colonnade with a balcony and a terrace. Both single-storey outbuildings , connected to the main house by low galleries, repeated the major empire motifs of the main house in miniature:

Local historian D. S. Ganeshin, who visited Akhtyrka in 1921, describes "the main entrance gate in the form of two rusticated brick pillars topped with stone balls" and "a long straight avenue lined with century-old lindens." According to him, “the view across the pond from the right bank of the river to the stately manor house-palace with a wonderful half-tiled veranda in Zhilardia, to the garden porticoes of the outbuildings, to the elegant marina and beautifully dressed park was memorablely beautiful.”

At the same time, Yevgeny Trubetskoy noted that his ancestors' house was poorly adapted for everyday life, and for the numerous family of his father and simply cramped, because "there were few residential rooms and they were part of passageways, low and very uncomfortable" ^[9] .

• Trubetskoy E. N. From the past. - M., 1918.
• N. Ya. Tikhomirov. Architecture of the estate near Moscow. - M .: State. publishing house for construction and architecture, 1955.
• Ganeshin D.S. Akhtyrka. Notes of the local historian // Panorama of Arts . Issue 4. - M .: Soviet artist, 1981. - p. 384-418.
• Smirnova T.V. Akhtyrka Manor and Princes Trubetskoy. - Sergiev Posad: Everything for You, 2006.

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