Clement XIII ( Latin Clemens PP. XIII ; in the world Carlo della Tore Rezzonico , Italian Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico ; March 7, 1693 - February 2, 1769 ) - Pope from July 6, 1758 to February 2, 1769 .
| His Holiness Pope | |||
| Clement XIII | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Clemens PP. XIII | |||
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| July 6, 1758 - February 2, 1769 | |||
| Election | July 6, 1758 | ||
| Intronization | July 16, 1758 | ||
| Church | Roman catholic church | ||
| Predecessor | Benedict XIV | ||
| Successor | Clement XIV | ||
| Birth name | Carlo della Tore Rezzonico | ||
| Original name at birth | Carlo della torre di rezzonico | ||
| Birth | March 7, 1693 Venice , Republic of Venice | ||
| Death | February 2, 1769 (75 years old) Rome , Papal Region | ||
| Buried | |||
| Holy Order | December 23, 1731 | ||
| Episcopal consecration | March 19, 1743 | ||
| Cardinal with | December 20, 1737 | ||
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Content
- 1 Early years
- 2 Election
- 3 Papacy
- 4 Death
- 5 Literature
Early years
Carlo Rezzonico was born in Venice . He was educated by the Jesuits in Bologna. He studied in Padua , worked in the Roman Curia . Clement XII elevated him to cardinal dignity with the title of the Church of San Nicolas in Carcher , and Benedict XIV appointed him Bishop of Padua .
Election
He was elected pope on July 6, 1758 . In the same year, the Rezzonico family celebrated their marriage with the powerful Savornian family. As a pontiff, Carlo was known for his rampant nepotism .
Papacy
During the period of Pontificate Clement XIII, a struggle began against the Jesuit Order , whose influence at the royal courts raised great concern both among the local clergy and among the main political advisers of many European monarchs. The position of Clement XIII was uncertain. He did not dare to dissolve the order, which was expected of him, and with the help of agreements he tried to postpone this decision.
In 1764, Clement XIII condemned the work of Bishop Johann Nicholas von Gontheim , using the pseudonym Justin Febronius, which criticized the supremacy of the Roman bishop. This was a new version of the old doctrine of concillarism. Febronianism has won many supporters in the German Empire and in Austria .
Known as the enemy of the Enlightenment . Included in the Index of Prohibited Books Encyclopedia of Didro and D'Alembert .
Death
Clement XIII died on the night of February 2, 1769 in Rome from a stroke . He was buried on February 8 in the Vatican, September 27, 1774 his remains were transferred to the tomb in the Vatican, which the sculptor Antonio Canova made at the request of Senator Abbondio Rezzonico, the nephew of the late pontiff.
Literature
- Clement, popes and anti-pops // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clement XIII." Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.