Abramtsevo (Museum Reserve)

Abramtsevo manor estate gained fame from the middle of the XIX century. Its owners were the writer S. T. Aksakov (c 1843), the industrialist S. I. Mamontov (since 1870).

Aksakovs were visited by writers I. S. Turgenev , M. N. Zagoskin , N. V. Gogol , poet F. I. Tyutchev , actor M. S. Shchepkin , historians T. N. Granovsky and M. P. Pogodin , others famous contemporaries.

Under Mamontov, famous Russian artists I. E. Repin , V. M. Vasnetsov , A. M. Vasnetsov , V. D. Polenov , P. P. Trubetskoy , I. S. Ostroukhov , M. A. stayed and worked in the estate . Vrubel , M.V. Nesterov , K.A. Korovin , I.I. Levitan , A.T. Matveev ( Mamontov Art Circle ), I.S. Efimov ^{[2] [3]} , musicians, actors, singer F. I. Chaliapin . Carpentry and ceramic workshops were organized.

After 1917 the manor was nationalized and turned into a museum. The first keeper was the daughter of S. I. Mamontov, Alexander Savvichna. On the area of ​​50 hectares, occupied by the museum-reserve at the present time, there are architectural monuments of the XVIII — XIX centuries and the park. The collection of the museum includes more than 25 thousand exhibits. The expositions are dedicated to the life and work of the owners and famous guests of Abramtsev.

On August 12, 1977, by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Abramtsevo museum estate was transformed into the Abramtsevo State Historical, Art and Literary Museum-Reserve of the RSFSR Ministry of Culture ^[4] .

Abramtsevo is an artistic community formed in the mid-1870s around S.I. Mamontov , an industrialist, a famous philanthropist, an artistically gifted person. Therefore, the circle is often called Mammoth's. For a quarter of a century, the Abramtsevo estate of Mamontov, near Moscow, turned out to be a major center of Russian culture, a place where artists sometimes came for the whole summer, sometimes for a shorter period, from already known to very young. Frequent guests were I. Repin , V. Vasnetsov , An. Vasnetsov , V. Serov , M. Vrubel , V. Polenov , E. Polenova .

Here they painted a lot, diligently engaged in painting, revealing the beauty of Central Russian nature and the charm of soul-mates, staged home performances, carried out interesting architectural designs, worked in specially arranged handicraft workshops.

The artistic life of Abramtsev is, from a certain point of view, the history of the formation of the “ Neo-Russian style ”, which turned out to be a significant facet of the modern in Russia. The Ambramtsevo Circle never had its own charter or any previously formulated program. The beauty of the benefits and the benefits of beauty - with such two interconnected concepts one could conditionally define that “homely” aesthetics that took shape in the spiritual atmosphere of the manor .

With the desire to uphold the vital link between beauty and benefit, the Mammoth circle shared the common beliefs of the era. They talked about and wrote about this most often just in the artistic environment where the principles of modernity took shape. The peculiarity of the Mammoth's creative orientation was that the combination of benefits and beauty was presented to the members of the community not only as a serious public duty of artistic intelligentsia, but also a living poetic tradition, an organic characteristic of peasant art , which embodied the important features of the national ideal.

Following their social ideas and creative interests, the members of the Abramtsevo circle organized two workshops: carpentry-carving (1885) and ceramic (1890). And in fact, and in another case, the case concerned attempts to revive artisanal handicrafts, having before them the products of folk art collected in the villages. Participants in the Mamontov Colony did not look at these products of peasant labor as “samples” to be copied. Intentions were to return to decorative and applied art its poetic essence and, together with it, its main vital function - to decorate the everyday life of a person. Artists, whose stylistic quest went in this direction differently interpreted the poetics and stylistics of folk art, and, say, the ceramics created by Vrubel in the Abramtsevo workshop, responded to completely different aspects of the folklore artistic tradition than carved doors, shelf shelves, performed by E. Polenova and her colleagues in the carpentry workshop. Moreover, here we can talk about various modifications of the “neo-Russian style” - from the creative re-creation of traditional pictorial vocabulary and ornamental forms of peasant household items to their serious transformation into a new plastic system. Nevertheless, the Abramtsevo “style” as an independent phenomenon of Russian art can only be considered conditionally - it was constantly evolving, acquiring new properties and qualities.

At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, such large centers of folk art were created not only in the Moscow region of Abramtsevo, but also, for example, in the Smolensk estate of the princes Tenishev Talashkino .

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  Manor House

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  Workshop

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  Stone woman

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  A hut on chicken legs

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  View of the river Vorya

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  Former medical building

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  Banja-Teremok

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  Church of the Savior of the Hand-to-Hand Image (1881-1883, architect P. M. Samarin from drawings by V. M. Vasnetsov and V. D. Polenov)

• Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving

• Pakhomov N. Museum Abramtsevo: Album / Compiled by N. Pakhomov; Designed by artist N. Perova. - M .: Soviet artist , 1968. - 96 p. - 35 000 copies (region, superabl.)
• Naschokina M.V. , Arzumanova O.I., Lyubartovich V.A. Keramika Abramtseva in the meeting of the Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering. - M .: Giraffe, 2000. - 224 p. - 3 000 copies - ISBN 5-89832-017-2 .

• Borisova E.A. Architecture in the works of artists of the Abramtsevo circle: (At the origins of the “non-Russian style”) // Otv. Sternin G. Yu. Artistic processes in Russian culture of the second half of the XIX century. - M .: Science, 1984. - p . 137-182 .

• The official website of the museum
• Museums of Russia. Museum Reserve "Abramtsevo"
• Chronicle of the Russian Manor. Audio guide on the estate "Abramtsevo"