Clement II ( Latin Clemens PP. II ; in the world Count Souetger Shidger-Morsleben-Gornburg , Ger . Suitger, Graf von Morsleben und Hornburg ; 1005 - October 9, 1047) - Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047 . He was the second pope of German (German) origin.
| Clement II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| lat Clemens PP. II | |||
 | |||
| |||
| December 25, 1046 - October 9, 1047 | |||
| Church | Roman catholic church | ||
| Predecessor | Gregory VI | ||
| Successor | Benedict IX | ||
| Birth name | Count Sweetger Shidger-Morsleben-Gornburg | ||
| Birth | 1005 Hornburg , Saxony , Germany | ||
| Death | October 9, 1047 Pesaro , Italy | ||
| Buried | Bamberg Cathedral | ||
| Father | Konrad Morsleben-Hornburg | ||
Bishop of Bamberg and Chancellor Henry III
Born in Hornburg , Lower Saxony , Germany . He was the son of Count Conrad of Morsleben and Hamburg and his wife Amalrad. Sweetger's abilities were highly appreciated by the son of Emperor Conrad II , Henry III , who appointed him as his chaplain and then as chancellor . In 1040 he became the Bishop of Bamberg after the death of the first Bishop of Eberhard.
Suitger has always been closely associated with his diocese. Thanks to the gifts of Emperor Henry III, he actively landscaped monasteries in the vicinity of Bamberg. As Chancellor in 1046 , he accompanied King Henry III in his Italian campaign, and on December 20th participated in the Sutri Church Synod, which overthrew former popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III and convinced Pope Gregory VI to resign.
Election
The pope, loyal to the emperor (preferably German), was a guarantee of good relations between the Holy See and the empire [1] . In addition, Heinrich, a pious man and close to Cluny ’s reformist movement, could put an end to the abuses of the Roman nobility. Initially, Heinrich chose Archbishop Adalbert of Bremen as a candidate, but he refused. Then the king turned to his chaplain, Sweetger, who agreed. The election results were confirmed by the clergy and the people of Rome [2] .
Relations with the Holy Roman Emperor
Immediately after the elections, King Henry and the new Pope left for Rome, where Clement crowned Henry III on December 25 as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire .
The short pontificate of Clement II began with the Roman synod of 1047, which began to improve matters in the Roman church, especially prescribing decrees against simony . Clement's election was later criticized by the reform party within the papal curia due to royal involvement and the fact that the new pope was already the bishop of another diocese. Contrary to later practice, Clement ruled both Rome and Bamberg simultaneously.
Death
Clement accompanied the emperor on his trip to southern Italy and interdicted Benevento for refusing to open his gates to them. Following Henry to Germany, he canonized Viborada , tortured by the Hungarians in 925 . On the way back to Rome, he died near Pesaro , in the monastery of St. Thomas, on October 9, 1047 . His body was returned to Bamberg, which he loved very much, and was buried in the western choir in Bamberg Cathedral . Clement is the only Pope buried north of the Alps.
The Clement II sarcophagus was opened on October 22, 1731 . Pope Clement XII discovered that his predecessor was blond with a height of 1.90 m. A toxicological examination of his remains, conducted in the middle of the 20th century, confirmed the age-old rumors that Clement was poisoned with lead sugar [3] . It is not clear, however, whether he was killed or whether he used lead sugar as a medicine.
Notes
- ↑ Massimo Montanari, Storia Medievale , Laterza
- ↑ Claudio Rendina, I Papi - storia e segreti , Newton & Compton editori, pag.370
- ↑ Specht W and Fischer K (1959). Vergiftungsnachweis an den Resten einer 900 Jahre alten Leiche. Arch. Kriminol., 124: 61–84. [Translation: Intoxication evidence of a 900 year old corpse]
Literature
- Clement, the popes and antipapy // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Catholic Encyclopedia , " Pope Clement II " (1913).
- John ND Kelly, Gran Dizionario Illustrato dei Papi, Casale Monferrato (AL), Edizioni Piemme SpA, 1989, ISBN 88-384-1326-6
- Claudio Rendina, I Papi - storia e segreti, Newton & Compton editori.