Victor II ( Latin Victor PP. II , in the world Count Gebhard von Dolenstein-Hirschberg German: Gebhard, Grafen von Dollnstein-Hirschberg ; c. 1018 - July 28, 1057 ) - Pope from April 13, 1055 to July 28, 1057 .
| Victor II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| lat Victor PP. II | |||
 | |||
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| April 13, 1055 - July 28, 1057 | |||
| Church | Roman catholic church | ||
| Predecessor | Lion IX | ||
| Successor | Stephen IX (X) | ||
| Birth name | Count Gebhard von Dollenstein-Hirschberg | ||
| Original name at birth | him Gebhard, Graf von Dollenstein-Hirschberg | ||
| Birth | OK. 1018 Bavaria , Germany | ||
| Death | July 28, 1057 Arezzo , Italy | ||
| Buried | |||
Content
Teaching and Church Career
Gebhard was a nephew of Emperor Henry III , his father was Harvig, Baron of Swabia, Count von Calvet. At the age of 24, Gebhard was appointed, at the insistence of Bishop Regensburg and Henry III, Bishop of Eichstett . In this status, he became one of the closest advisers to the emperor. At one time, Gebhard was regent of Bavaria .
Election
After the death of Pope Leo IX ( April 19, 1054 ), Hildebrand of Soana , the most important church figure of the time and future pope, was in France. He immediately arrived in Germany, in Mainz , where he received a delegation of Roman nobles who opposed his reforms. Hildebrand proposed as a pope Bishop Eichstett, who was close to the ideas of reform. In the end, Gebhard von Calvet was appointed pope Henry III in Mainz in September 1054 , choosing the name of Victor II and asking the emperor to help him recover the lost papal territories. He was ordained on April 13, 1055 (seven months after the election) at St. Peter’s Basilica.
Pontificate
In June 1055 , Victor met with the emperor in Florence and held a council there, which strengthened the condemnation of clergy, symony and embezzlement of church property voiced by Leo IX. The following year, Henry III passed away; Victor was beside him at his deathbed in Bottfeld, Harz, on October 5, 1056 . As the guardian of the young emperor Henry IV and adviser to the empress Agnes, regent of Henry, Victor concentrated in his hands enormous power, which he tried to use to maintain peace in the empire and strengthen the position of the papacy against the aggression of the barons. Hildebrand was instructed to continue reforms, especially in France, preventing the election of bishops who disagreed with him.
In Italy, Pope faced opposition from Godfried I of Tuscany , the most powerful man on the peninsula. Gottfried married Beatrice de Bar , widow of Boniface III of Tuscany , who had a daughter, Matilda. Emperor Henry III tried to prevent this alliance and took Beatrice and Matilda hostage. After the death of Henry III, Victor II had to decide the fate of the hostages. With the help of Hildebrand, he managed to make peace between Agnes, the widow of the emperor, and Gottfried, to whom his wife and daughter were returned, as well as part of Lorraine.
Victor died of malaria at only 40 years old, during a trip to Tuscany , near Arezzo , accompanied by Cardinal Bonifacio Conti . Victor asked to be buried in Eichstätt, however, his body was abducted and buried by the inhabitants of Ravenna in the church of Santa Maria Rotonda, the burial place of Theodoric the Great .
Literature
- Victor, popes // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Karl Mittermaier, Die deutschen Päpste. Benedikt XVI. und seine deutschen Vorgänger, 2006.