Stanza ( fr. Stance from Italian. Stanza - room, room, stop [1] ) is a poetic genre form dating back to the Provençal lyric song poetry of the Middle Ages. Stanzas are characterized by relative formal and semantic independence of stanzas from each other. Stansa is a classic form of epic poetry ( Ariosto , Tasso , Camoens ), Byron gave this genre a refinement (Don Juan, Childe Harold). In the Russian poetry, Stans wrote “Aul Bastundzhi” by Lermontov , “House in Kolomna” by Pushkin . In addition, in Russian poetry there are many, as a rule, small in volume elegiac-meditative poems entitled “Stansy”.
Content
Genre signs
The main feature of stanzas is a high degree of independence of stanzas, which is manifested in the absence of semantic translations from one stanza to another, in the necessity of independent rhymes that are not repeated in other stanzas [2] . Ideally, each stanza in stanzas contains one clearly expressed idea, after reading each stanza a certain pause is assumed. The number of poems in each stanza can vary from four to twelve, but in the Russian poetic tradition, stanzas are fixed in the form of quatrains, written in four-lamb iambic with cross (mostly) rhymes with mandatory stanzaic isolation.
Example
Below are the "Stanzas" V.F. Khodasevich from the collection "Heavy Lyre" is one of the purest examples of this genre.
Already gray hair at the temples
I cover black with a lock of black
And the heart stops, as in a vice,
From an extra cup of tea.
It’s hard for me to work
And do not hide the charm
Neither knowledge is too spicy fruit,
Neither women stuffy lick.
I stare with coldness now
On the boredom of the glory of the upcoming ...
But the words: flower, child, beast -
Come on the mouth more often.
I do not listen often
Poets idle saber,
But the soul is full of sweet fullness
Grains silent sprouting.
- 1918
Metric formula: Я5м + Я4ж (alternation of a five-foot and four-foot iamba with a male and female rhyme).
Stansy in Russian Poetry
- A.P. Sumarokov , “Can I tell my lover otherwise?” (1759?)
- E. A. Baratynsky , “Fate imposed chains ...” (1827)
- M. Yu. Lermontov , "Instantly running through the mind ..." (1831)
- O. Mandelstam , "It is necessary for the heart to beat ..." (1937)
- A. Akhmatova , “Streletskaya moon. Zamoskvorechye. The Night (1940)
Notes
- ↑ Stansy // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Stansy. Literary encyclopedia (inaccessible link from 14-06-2016 [1106 days])
Links
- Stans // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.