Culture Davenkou , whale. 大汶口 文化 , pinyin : dàwènkǒu wénhuà - the code name of a group of communities that lived in the Neolithic era mainly in the Chinese province of Shandong , and also partly in the provinces of Anhui , Henan and Jiangsu from 4100 - 2600 BC. er . This culture coexisted with the culture of Yanshao . This culture is characterized by finds from turquoise , jade and bone, as well as the earliest examples of alligator drums.
Usually, archaeologists divide this culture into three phases: early ( 4100 - 3500 BC ), medium ( 3500-3000 BC ), and late ( 3000 - 2600 BC ). Judging by the funeral gifts, at an early stage the society was highly egalitarian (that is, without signs of social stratification). This phase is characterized by cups with a long leg (“gu”) with an individual design. In the later stages of the early phase, burials with protrusions in the ground become widespread. In the middle phase, the variety of burial gifts is still small, but there is a difference in their number in different graves. At the late phase, wooden coffins appear in burials, more and more signs of social stratification are observed, since in some graves there are no burial gifts at all, and in others there are quite a few.
The typical location - Davenkou in Tai'an County, Shandong Province, was excavated in 1959 , 1974 and 1978 . Only the middle layer Davenkou is associated with this culture, whereas the earlier one is connected with the Beixin culture, and the later one is associated with the early Shandong version of Longshan culture .
See also
- List of Neolithic cultures of China
- Richard J. Pearson is a Canadian archaeologist, author of numerous publications on burials and the social structure of Davenkow.
Literature
- Allan, Sarah (ed), The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective , ISBN 0-300-09382-9
- Liu, Li. The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States , ISBN 0-521-81184-8
- Underhill, Anne P. Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China , ISBN 0-306-46771-2