Inns of Court (“ Inns of Court ”) is a traditional form of self-organization of the advocacy community in England and Wales .
Each full-fledged lawyer (“ barrister ”) must join one of the four law corporations, or chambers - Lincolns Inn , Grace Inn , Middle Temple or Inner Temple . Their buildings occupy a vast territory at the junction of the borders of the City , Westminster and Holborn , mainly around Temple and the Courtyard .
The first information about judicial inna appears in the XIII century, then there were at least a dozen of them.
In the 13th century, it was decided by the Magna Carta that some judges cease to roam the country and that the so-called took place in one specific place that Westminster had served since Henry III . Since that time, Inns of Court has been formed - hotels where lawyers had regular gatherings and where young people, under the guidance of elders, were accustomed to practicing law.
Those preparing for advocacy must enter one of the four above-mentioned corporations; belonging to the corporation is expressed in participation in a certain number of gala dinners. Attending lectures is not necessarily and usually replaced by admission to one of the barristers as a pupil for one to two years. Delegates from the four corporations form the Council of Legal Education, the lecturer and test director. Preparing for the legal profession, having passed these tests and having spent the specified time in one of the corporations, receives the title of a barrister from his corporation.
Each barrister remains a member of the corporation from which he received his title, and is supervised by a corporation council consisting of a treasurer (chairman) and members called Masters of the Bench, or Benchers. Chairman Treasurer is elected for one year. Benchers themselves replenish their composition by co-optation and in the performance of their duties are not obligated to anyone to report. They own a disciplinary court over members of the corporation, whom they may deprive of the title of barrister.
Each corporation has a large hall for the above feasts and a library open only to members of the corporation. Both Temple have a common church, Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn - a chapel. Around these buildings are grouped houses, also owned by corporations, in which barristers have their own offices (Chambers).
Currently, to become a barrister, you must pass a special exam. Judicial inns do not prepare for it, but before passing the exam, you must enter one of them and attend mandatory events, including traditional dinners, and after passing the exam you must be a student of a barrister for a year to get the right to practice independently [1 ] [2]
In Ireland, there is only one law office - Kings Inn . In the United States, judicial inns have no official status and function as non-profit foundations , although in the late 1970s, US Supreme Court chairman Warren Burger tried to launch a campaign to create them.
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| Inner Temple | Middle Temple | Grace Inn |