Spinach ( Latin: Spinacia ) is a genus of herbaceous plants of the Amaranthaceae family ( Amaranthaceae ), in the modern classification it is placed in the Marevae subfamily ( Chenopodioideae ), previously considered as an independent Chenopodiaceae family.
| Spinach |
Flowering garden spinach shoot |
| Scientific classification |
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| Order : | Caryophyllanae Takht. , 1967 |
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| International scientific name |
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Spinacia L. , 1753 |
| Synonyms |
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- Spinacea Schur , orth. var.
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The most famous representative of the genus is garden spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ), widely represented in the culture, used in cooking, used both in the preparation of salads, and as an integral part of various dishes.
Content
Etymology of the name: "spinach" ← German. Spinat ← staroff . espinache ← senior espinarc ← cat. espinac ← arab. سبانخ ← Pers. اسفناج .
English spinach can be called a completely different plant - spinach sorrel ( Rumex patientia ), belonging to the buckwheat family [3] .
Garden spinach entered the culture for a very long time - perhaps about 2000 years ago, or after the VI century AD. There is no consensus among researchers about the place of origin of cultivated spinach. A possible place of origin of culture is called Iran or the Caucasus. Other botanists along with Iran consider Central Asia and Afghanistan as the center of this culture. For the first time, Linnaeus (under the name Spinacia oleracea ) defines cultivated spinach as a species.
Wild spinach as a separate species was first described by the Russian botanist H.H. Steven in 1809 as four-spinach spinach ( Spinacia tetrandra ). For a long time, four-spinach spinach remained the only known form of wild spinach. A revision of the genus, conducted by M.M.Ilyin in 1934, revealed an independent species of wild-growing spinach that grows in Central Asia - Turkestan spinach ( Spinacia turkestanica ).
The genus includes three species [4] :
- Spinacia oleracea L. typus [5] - garden spinach (in everyday life - just “spinach”)
- Spinacia tetrandra Steven ex M. Bieb. - Four spinach spinach
- Spinacia turkestanica Iljin - Turkestan Spinach
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ In many classifications, Marevye are considered as an independent family. APG classification systems based on molecular analysis of DNA include it in the Amaranth family.
- ↑ Flora of the USSR : in 30 t / h. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1936. - T. 5 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. - S. 464-465. - 762, XXVI p. - 5175 copies.
- ↑ See the GRIN link in the plant card.
- ↑ Genus Spinacia information in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
- Shelepina G. A., Turkov V. D. Genus Spinacia L. - Spinach // Cultural flora of the USSR / Under the general. ed. Acad. VASKHNIL V.F. Dorofeeva. - L .: Agropromizdat, 1988 .-- T. XII. Leafy vegetable plants (asparagus, rhubarb, sorrel, spinach, purslane, watercress, dill, chicory, lettuce): ed. volumes M. M. Girenko and O. N. Korovin. - S. 98-132. - 304 p.
- Spinach // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
