Zakharzhevsky, Yakov Vasilievich

Yakov Vasilievich Zakharzhevsky came from a noble family of the Poltava province . Born on October 23 ( November 3 ), 1780 .

He was educated at the Shklovsky noble school of Count S. G. Zorich , from which he was released on June 19 (30), 1799 as a second lieutenant in the 1st siege artillery battalion, which was at that time in St. Petersburg ; to disband it in 1800 was transferred to the 1st artillery regiment.

During the campaign of 1806-1807 he was in Prussia, participated in battles with the French and received the rank of lieutenant . Then he fought with the Swedes .

In 1810 he was appointed commander of the 6th cavalry company of the 3rd artillery brigade.

March 12 (24), 1811 received the rank of staff captain; December 26, 1811 ( January 7, 1812 ) was promoted to captain, and April 17 (29), 1812 - to lieutenant colonel

During the Patriotic War of 1812 , consisting of his company in the rearguard of a large army, he kept the enemy on the upper Dnieper during the retreat of the Russian army after the battle of Lubin, participated in the battle of Borodino , where he was wounded in the leg, and in the battles of Maloyaroslavets and Vyazma , and for the distinction was awarded the orders of St. Anne of the 2nd degree, St. Vladimir of the 4th degree and July 17 (29), 1813, the rank of colonel . He was also awarded a golden weapon with the inscription "For courage . "

In the Foreign Campaign of 1813, Yakov Vasilievich Zakharzhevsky took a more prominent part. So, near Reichenbach, he arrived in time with his company on the battlefield at the moment when the French cavalry, having cut down one battalion of the 21st Jäger regiment , rushed to bypass the left flank of the troops of Prince Eugene Württemberg . The successful operation of his battery over the dense masses of the French made it possible for Count M. A. Miloradovich to reinforce the weak rear guard of the Russian troops with the cavalry of F.K. Korf , who knocked over the enemy and captured many prisoners.

In the Battle of Leipzig he was sent along with the cavalry of Count P.P. Palen to facilitate the Allied attack on Lebortwolkwitz, but here he was met by the fire of French batteries. The colonel held his seat, knocked down the battery, but he himself lost his right leg below the knee, "beaten off by the core." For the difference in this case, on January 22 ( February 3 ), 1814, Yakov Vasilyevich Zakharzhevsky received the Order of St. George 4th grade (No. 2808 according to the list of Grigorovich - Stepanov's cavalry list ) and 3000 rubles of a lump sum allowance for wound healing.

After that, until the end of the war, he was undergoing treatment in the city of Altenburg , and during the secondary campaign on the Rhine , in 1815, he commanded all mobile reserve parks.

At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Yakov Vasilievich Zakharzhevsky left the military service and on February 13 (25), 1817 was appointed by the Highest Command the manager of the Tsarskoye Selo palace administration and the police of Tsarskoye Selo. In the same year, the Oranienbaum and Peterhof palace administrations were subordinated to him.

The general manager was entrusted with direct management and disposal of all those related to the improvement of Tsarskoye Selo, as well as the city hospital and almshouse;

He participated in the liquidation of the fire of the Catherine Palace , for which he received on December 16 (28), 1817 "the highest rescript, with the expression of perfect gratitude."

In 1828, the Gatchina Palace with all the buildings, gardens and villages belonging to it also entered under his command.

On December 6 (18), 1828 , after seniority, he received the rank of lieutenant general , and on October 10 (22), 1843, he received the rank of artillery general .

In 1839, Yakov Vasilievich was granted the rights of a civil governor to manage Tsarskoye Selo, transformed into the so-called “Palace City”

In 1855, the general was granted the chefs of the 15th horse-artillery battery.

During almost fifty years of managing his palace reigns, Zakharzhevsky invariably enjoyed the favor of the three emperors; received all the highest Russian orders, including: the White Eagle , St. Alexander Nevsky with diamond jewelry, St. Vladimir 1st degree and St. Andrew the First-Called , distinction of the immaculate service for 60 years, several gracious rescripts and gifts. On the day of the sixtieth anniversary of Zakharzhevsky’s service in officer ranks, Emperor Alexander II honored him with the rank of General, who was under His Majesty’s Person ^[1] , and granted him an epheletic monogram image of his name with a very flattering highest rescript.

December 12 (24), 1864, he became the first honorary citizen of Tsarskoye Selo

Yakov Vasilievich died on March 1 (13), 1865 in Tsarskoye Selo and was buried under Catherine’s Cathedral ^[2] .

• 1812 - Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow
• 1812 - Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree (like the previous one, for differences in the battles of Maloyaroslavets and Vyazma)
• 1813 - Prussian Order of Merit .
• January 22 ( February 3 ) 1814 - Order of St. George 4th degree (for distinction in the battle of Leipzig)
• November 11 (23), 1819 - Order of St. Anne of the 1st degree.
• 1823 - diamond signs for the Order of St. Anne of the 1st degree ("for the perfect arrangement and order for the management of the parts entrusted to him").
• 1826 - Order of St. Vladimir , 2nd degree
• Order of the White Eagle
• Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamond jewelry
• Order of St. Vladimir 1st degree
• Order of St. Andrew the First-Called
• 1812 - Golden weapon “For courage”
• Insignia "For LX Years of Immaculate Service."
• Monogram image of the name of Alexander II on epaulettes.

The extraordinary personality of Yakov Vasilievich Zakharzhevsky was noted in the memoirs of his contemporaries.

It is especially noted that the manager paid special attention to the good condition of Tsarskoye Selo.

The demand for cleanliness and order in gardens and on the streets reached pedantry ...

- Patkul M.A. Memoirs ... SPb., 1903. P. 191.

In the gardens, it was not allowed to throw anything in the alleys; and therefore everyone who knew Yakov Vasilievich hid the orange peels in their pockets ... The flowers did not dare to fade, the tree trunks scrubbed and washed.

- Description of the life of N. I. Tsylov // Schukinsky collection. Vol. VI. S. 159.

Yakov Vasilievich himself is characterized by a strict, persistent, neat, kind and honest person.

He was of medium height, wore only a mustache that he cut ... He was without his right leg; a crutch was forged, and therefore he always leaned on a stick ... With the mobility of his nature, he could not sit for a long time, much less stand in one place ... then the removed leg was breaking apart.

- Neyelov A.P. From distant years (Re-ordering the memories of my aunts) // Russian Antiquity. 1916. T. 165. No. 2. S. 265-267.

The honesty of Yakov Vasilievich was also noted by Nicholas I , who once told the empress that Zakharzhevsky brought him 100 thousand rubles - "the accumulated balance of the money released for the maintenance of palaces and parks."

In honor of Zakharzhevsky, even during his lifetime, Zakharzhevskaya street in Tsarskoye Selo was named.

Above the manager’s grave was an icon of the apostle Jacob, the patron saint of Jacob Vasilievich. The image was presented “in the preceding clergy, with the singing of singers from peasants, accompanied by officials in ceremonial uniforms and thousands of people” in 1857 in connection with the 40th anniversary of the appointment of Zakharzhevsky as head of the Tsarskoye Selo palace administration.

In 1864, a bust was installed in the Hall of the City Hall, which is currently located in the Catherine Palace ^[3] .

In 2011, a monument was erected in Pushkin and on June 20, 2013 a monument was opened to the general of the sculptor V.E. Gorevoy.

• Volkov S.V. Generality of the Russian Empire: Encyclopedic Dictionary of Generals and Admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. - M .: TSENTRPOLIGRAF, 2009. - T. I: AK. - ISBN 978-5-9524-4166-8 .
• Russian Biographical Dictionary : In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918.
• Saitov V. L. Petersburg Necropolis / Ed. led. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich. - SPb. : type of. M. M. Stasyulevich, 1912.- T. T. 2: (D - L). - S. 193.
• Stepanov V.S., Grigorovich P.I. In memory of the centennial of the imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. (1769-1869). - SPb. , 1869.
• Priymak N.I. Yakov Vasilievich Zakharzhevsky in the memoirs of contemporaries // Catherine Cathedral: Almanac. - SPb. , 2007. - Issue. 1 . - S. 84-90 .