Horse ( lat. Equidae ) - a family of mammals. It includes several dozen extinct genera, as well as one living genus - horses . Donkeys and zebras belong to the same genus.
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Equidae Gray , 1821 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equine progenitors appeared in America between 35 and 56 Ma and were the size of a terrier, such as the genus Sifrhippus . The modern horse (genus Equus ) appeared approximately 4.4–4.5 million years ago [1] . OK. 2.5 million years ago, representatives of the genus Equus crossed from America through Beringia to Eurasia. In the Middle East, representatives of the genus Equus became donkeys, onagrams and horses ( Equus caballus ), in Central Africa - zebras. Those equines that remained in North America became extinct by the middle of the 6th millennium BC [2] .
Classification
- Horse Family (Equidae)
- † Genus Haringtonhippus [3]
- † Subfamily Hyracotheriinae
- † Genus Epigippus Epihippus
- † Genus Haplogippus Haplohippus
- † Genus Heptaconodon Heptaconodon
- † Genus Hyracotherium Hyracotherium - formerly Eohippus ; possibly paraphyletic with some species from the † Paleoterium family. A classification with division into three genera is proposed:
- † Genus Minippus Minippus
- † Genus Sifrhippus sifrhippus
- † Genus Arenagippus Arenahippus
- † Genus Orohippus Orohippus
- † Genus Xenicohippus Xenicohippus
- † Subfamily Anchitheriinae
- † Genus Anchitherium Anchitherium
- † Subgenus Parahippus Parahippus
- † Genus Archaeohippus
- † Genus Desmatippus Desmatippus
- † Genus Hypohippus Hypohippus
- † Genus Kalobatippus Kalobatippus
- † Genus Megagippus Megahippus
- † Genus Mesohippus Mesohippus
- † Genus Miogippus [4] Miohippus
- † Genus Sinohippus Sinohippus
- † Genus Anchitherium Anchitherium
- Subfamily Equinae
- † Genus Merigippus [4] Merychippus
- † Genus Scapoghippus Scaphohippus
- † Tribe Hipparionini
- † Genus Eurygnathohippus
- † Genus Hipparion Hipparion
- † Genus Hippotherium Hippotherium (fodder hipparion, Cormohipparion )
- † Genus Nannippus
- † Genus Neohipparion
- † Genus Pseudo (d) Ipparion Pseudhipparion
- Tribe Equini
- † Genus Astrohippus Astrohippus
- † Genus Calippus Calippus
- † Genus Dinohippus
- Horse genus ( Equus , approximately 9-12 modern species, about 7 extinct)
- † Genus Heteropliogippus Heteropliohippus
- † Genus Hippidion Hippidion
- † Genus Onohippidium Onohippidium
- † Genus Parapliohippus Parapliohippus
- † Genus Plesippus Plesippus
- † Genus Pliohippus Pliohippus
- † Genus Acritohippus Acritohippus
- † Genus Eurohippus
- † Genus Heteropliogippus Heteropliohippus
- † Genus Proboscidipparion Proboscidipparion
- † Genus Protohippus Protohippus
Notes
- ↑ Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse , 26 June 2013
- ↑ Why zebras did not become pets
- ↑ Hay, Oliver P. (1915). Contributions to the Knowledge of the Mammals of the Pleistocene of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48 (2086): 535-549. DOI : 10.5479 / si.00963801.48-2086.515 .
- ↑ 1 2 Orlov Yu. A. In the world of ancient animals. Essays on vertebrate paleontology. - 2nd ed. - M .: Nauka, 1968 .-- S. 70 .-- 254 p. : ill. - 25,000 copies.