Kuki-Chin languages ( miso-cookie-chin languages) - a group of languages within the cookie-chin-naga branch of Tibetan-Burmese languages . The speakers of these languages in Myanmar are known as rites , in India mainly as cookies , but some identify as naga ; miso are considered a separate group. Distributed in the adjacent territories of north-eastern India (the states of Mizoram , Manipur , southern Assam ), western Myanmar (the Chin region, partly Rakhine , Sikayn and Mague ) and southeastern Bangladesh ( Chittagong mountain region ).
| Kuki-Chin languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | Group |
| Status | universally recognized |
| Area | India , Myanmar , Bangladesh |
| Number of carriers | OK. 2 million |
| Classification | |
| Category | Languages of Eurasia |
Sino-Tibetan family
| |
| Structure | |
| 3-4 groups | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
Internal classification
If the unity of these languages is obvious enough and not questioned, there is no consensus on the internal classification. Thurgood ( Thurgood ) following the previous researchers identifies four subgroups:
- Starokuki subgroup (Old Kuki) - India (Manipur):
- hmar , haram-naga, tarao-naga, chote-naga, monsang-naga, moyon-naga, purum-naga, aymol, anal ;
- northern subgroup - India (Manipur, south Assam, northeast Mizorama, partially neighboring states), Myanmar (northern Chin, western Sikayn)
- Bete, Ciru , Siyin , Tiddim , Falam, Gangte, Rankhol, Kom, Lamkang, Payte, Purum, Ralte, Sakekhep, Simte, , Wipe, Yos, Zome;
- central - India (Mizoram), Myanmar (Chin, Rakhine, west of Mague), Bangladesh (Chittagong Highlands)
- miso , baum , haka , ngaun, zotung, darlong, pankhu, sentang, taur;
- south - India (south of the state of Mizoram), Myanmar (south Chin, Rakhine, west Mague), Bangladesh (Chittagong mountain region)
- mro, daai, nga-la, khumi-ava, khumi, or matupi, mara , or laker, mune, bualkkho, chinbon, asho, shedu, velaung, ziphe.
In Ethnologue, the Old Kuko and northern subgroups are united under the name of the northern.
For a number of languages in India (miso, tiddim, haka, phalam, khumi, etc.), written language is created on a Latin basis, in some places they are taught in elementary school, they broadcast, the press is published; some use Bengali and Devanagari , in Myanmar Burmese .
Literature
- Benedict P. Kinship in Southeastern Asia. Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University, 1941.
- Das TC The Purums. Calcutta, 1945.
- Lehman FK The structure of Chin society. A tribal people of Burma adopted to a non-western civilization / Illinois studies in Anthropology. 3. Urbana, 1963.
- Parry NE The Lakhers. L., 1932.
- Reichle V. Bawm Language and Lore: Tibeto-Burman Area. Bern, 1981.
- Rizvi SHM, Roy S. Kuki-Chin Tribes of Mizoram and Manipur. Delhi, 2006.
- Rizvi SHM, Roy S. Mizo tribes of North East India. Delhi, 2006.
- Shakespear LW The Lushai-Kuki Clans. London, 1912.
- Shaw W. Notes on the Thadou Kukis. Calcutta, 1929.
- Singh KS People of India-Mizoram // Anthropological Survey of India, Volume XXXIII. Calcutta, 1995.
- Spielmann H.-J. Die Bawm-Zo. Eine Chin-Gruppe in den Chittagon Hill Tracts (Ostpakistan). Heidelberg, 1966.
- Stevenson HNC The Economics of the Central Chin Tribes. Bombay, 1943.