Miguel Naiddorf ( Mendel Gedalevich Naiddorf ; Miguel Najdorf , Polish; Mieczysław Najdorf ; April 15, 1910 , Grodzisk-Mazowiecki , Warsaw Province - July 6, 1997 , Málaga ) - born in Argentina Argentina;
Miguel Najdorf | |
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Mieczysław najdorf | |
Najdorf (standing) at the Chess Olympiad in Manila (1992) | |
Country | Russian empire Poland Argentina |
Date of Birth | April 15, 1910 |
Place of Birth | Grodzisk Mazowiecki , Warsaw Province , Russian Empire |
Date of death | July 6, 1997 (87 years) |
Place of death | Malaga , Spain |
Rank | grand master ( 1950 ) |
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Chess career in Poland
Born in Warsaw, a graduate of the school. Stashitsa. Initially, he studied with David Pshapyurki , then with Savely Tartakower , Najdorf spoke of him as “his teacher”. At the beginning of his chess career in 1930, Najdorf defeated Glucksberg in a famous game called the Polish Immortal. [1] In the same year, he took 6-7th place in the Warsaw Championship ( Paulino Friedman became the winner). In 1931 in this championship, he already took second place, behind Friedman. In 1932, 9-10th place and in 1933 won the tournament ( Quadrangular ). In January 1934, he finished second to Rudolf Spielmann in Warsaw. In 1935, he, along with H. Friedman and P. Friedman , divided 2-4 places behind Tartakower in the 3rd Polish Championship, which was like in Warsaw. After that, Najdorf defeated Tartakower in Torun with a score (+ 2–1 = 2). In 1936, he shared the first place with Layosh Steiner in the Hungarian Championship. In 1937 he took third place in the 4th Polish Championship, held in Jurata . In 1937, he won the tournament in the Slovenian city of Rogaška-Slatina . In 1936, took 10-12 place in the city of Lodz . In 1939 he took the sixth place in the city of Margit (England) and won in Warsaw [2] .
He played for Poland in four pre-war chess competitions. In August 1935, he played on the third board in the 6th Chess Olympiad , held in Warsaw (his result was + 9–2 = 6). In August 1936, he played on the second board at the 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad organized by the German Chess Federation in Munich (result: + 14–2 = 4). In June-July 1937, he played on the second board at the 7th Chess Olympiad in Stockholm (result: + 5–3 = 7). [3] .
Life in Argentina
By force of circumstances, Najdorf, a native of Poland , lived most of his life in Argentina . He arrived there in 1939 to participate in the 8th Chess Olympiad , when World War II began . He made the result + 12−2 = 4 and won the gold medal. Najdorf, like his teammates Friedman and Tartakower, belonged to the Jewish nation [4] Like many other Olympiad players (both Jews and non-Jews), Najdorf did not dare to return to Europe , where the war of fire broke out, despite the fact that in Poland he remained family and property. Fears of Najdorf were later confirmed - none of his relatives (including her husband, little daughter, mother, four brothers) survived - Najdorf unsuccessfully tried to find them until the end of his days . He decided to stay in Argentina forever.
In September 1939, after the Olympics, Najdorf shared first place with P.Ceres in Buenos Aires (Círculo de Ajedrez); both players scored 8½ points out of 11. In 1941, he finished second (after G.Stalberg ) in the tournament in Mar del Plata with a score of 12½ out of 17. In the same year, he shared first place with Stalberg in a tournament in Buenos Aires two chess players scored 11 out of 14. In 1942, he won the Mar del Plata tournament with a score of 13½ out of 17, ahead of Stalberg. In 1943, he finished second in Mar del Plata behind Stalberg with a score of 10 out of 13. In the same year, he won in Rosario .
As part of the Polish team, he participated in three Olympiads (“Tournaments of Nations”) - in 1935 , 1937 and 1939 . Seven-time champion of Argentina (in 50 - 70-ies ). Winner and winner of a number of international tournaments. Statistics recorded that Najdorf won (alone or with the division of the first prize) a total of 52 tournaments. A participant in the world championship competition — in the candidate contests in Budapest ( 1950 ) and Zurich ( 1953 ), took 5th and 6-7th places, respectively. For many years he showed consistently high results in major international tournaments. Won the representative memorial of Capablanca (Havana, 1962 ), ahead of B. Spassky , V. Smyslov , L. Polugaevsky , S. Gligorich , B. Ivkov . He was a member of the famous “Match of the Century” (Belgrade, 1970 ) for the world team (a draw with Mikhail Tal : + 1-1 = 2).
Najdorf belonged to one of the records for the game blindly. It was installed in 1947 in Sao Paulo , where Najdorf fought 45 players for 24 hours and achieved a phenomenal result: +39, −2, = 4.
Enriched debut theory with the elaboration of one of the most popular variants of the Sicilian defense , now adopted by many of the world's strongest grandmasters. Also developed a variant in the King's Indian Defense . He was a famous chess journalist and led a popular chess column in the Clarín newspaper.
He was not a chess professional in the strict sense of the word - he was successfully engaged in business and was a very wealthy man. Najdorf did not stop playing until the last years of his long life. The friendliness and sociability of Najdorf made him an extremely charming man, a favorite of the public. “Miguel el Grande” (“The Great Miguel”) - this was not only Argentines called him, but also many colleagues. He was a great friend of Fidel Castro , Winston Churchill , Nikita Khrushchev , the Shah of Iran , Juan Peron , Che Guevara .
Major sports results
Year | Tournament | Result | A place |
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1936 | Championship Hungary (out of competition) | 12 of 15 | 1-2 |
1937 | Rogaška-Slatina | one | |
1942 | Mar del plata | 13½ out of 17 | one |
1943 | Mar del plata | 11 of 13 | one |
1944 | Mar del plata | 12 of 16 | 1-2 |
1945 | Mar del plata | 11 out of 15 | one |
1946 | Prague | one | |
Barcelona | one | ||
Groningen | 11½ out of 19 | 4-5 | |
Mar del plata | 16 of 18 | one | |
1947 | Mar del plata | 14 of 17 | one |
1948 | Interzonal tournament | 10½ out of 19 | 6-9 |
Venice | one | ||
1949 | Argentine Championship | one | |
1950 | Candidates Tournament | 9 of 18 | five |
Argentine Championship | one | ||
Bled | 10½ out of 14 | one | |
Amsterdam | 15 of 19 | one | |
1951 | Argentine Championship | one | |
1952 | Havana | 1-2 | |
1953 | Candidates Tournament | 14½ out of 28 | 6-7 |
1955 | Interzonal tournament | 9½ out of 20 | 12—13 |
Argentine Championship | one | ||
1956 | Buenos Aires | 1-2 | |
Mar del plata | 1-2 | ||
Alekhin Memorial (Moscow) | 9 out of 15 | 6 | |
1959 | Buenos Aires | 1-2 | |
Mar del plata | 10½ out of 14 | 1-2 | |
1960 | Argentine Championship | one | |
1961 | Buenos Aires | one | |
Mar del plata | 12½ out of 15 | one | |
1962 | Capablanca Memorial (Havana) | 16½ out of 21 | one |
1965 | Mar del plata | one | |
1966 | Santa monica | 8 of 18 | eight |
1968 | Argentine Championship | one | |
1969 | Zonal Tournament (Mar del Plata) | 15½ out of 18 | 1-2 |
1970 | USSR Match - World Team (Belgrade) | 2 of 4 | |
1975 | Argentine Championship | one |
Literature
- Chess Dictionary / ch. ed. L. Ya. Abramov ; status G. M. Geiler . - M .: Physical Culture and Sport , 1964. - p. 293–294. - 120 000 copies
- Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A. E. Karpov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990. - p. 265-266. - 624 s. - 100 000 copies - ISBN 5-85270-005-3 .
See also
- Option Najdorf
Notes
- ↑ Edward Winter , The Polish Immortal , chesshistory.com
- ↑ Tadeusz Wolsza, Arcymistrzowie, mistrzowie, amatorzy ... Słownik biograficzny szachistów polskich, tom 4, Wydawnictwo DiG, Warszawa 2003, ISBN 83-7181-288-4
- ↑ Men's Chess Olympiads :: Miguel Najdorf . OlimpBase. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ↑ Eliot Hearst, John Knott, Blindfold Chess: History, Psychology, Techniques, Champions, World Records, and Important Games , McFarland 2009, p. 91.
Links
- Miguel Najdorf's games in
- Personal card Miguel Najdorf on the site 365chess.com (eng.)
- Performances of Miguel Najdorf at Chess Olympiads
- Personal card Miguel Najdorf on the site szachypolskie.pl (Polish)