Pulheim

Due to the heated debate that accompanied the discussion of reports of polar expeditions and, in particular, the competing allegations of Frederick Cook and Robert Peary that they were the first to reach the North Pole , Amundsen approached the determination of geographic location with particular responsibility. Amundsen believed that his tools would make it possible to determine a location with an error not better than one nautical mile, so he decided to "surround" the pole with ski runs at a distance of 10 miles from the calculated point.

Since theodolite was damaged, the observation was carried out using a sextant . The sun in 24 hours made a circle around the camp, not hiding behind the horizon . After performing measurements and calculations, Amundsen determined that their current position is approximately 5.5 miles (8.5 kilometers) away from the mathematical point of the South Pole. This place was also "surrounded" by skiing.

On December 17, Amundsen decided that he was at the true point of the South Pole and undertook a new 24-hour measurement cycle, with each observation being performed by two people, with careful recording in the navigation log. I must say that four out of five travelers had the qualification of navigators (all except Olaf Bjolan ).

This time, from Amundsen’s calculations, it followed that the group was 1.5 miles (about 2.4 kilometers) from the pole, and two expeditioners marked with flags and “surrounded” the calculated place. Thus, for the sake of authenticity, the South Pole was “surrounded” by the expedition three times.

The verification of Amundsen’s calculations following the return of the expedition showed that the true pole remained 2500 yards (2286 meters) from the camp, which was an excellent result for the instruments that the expedition had. In addition, one of the ski runs of the "surrounding" Helmer Hansen pole went no further than 200 yards (180 meters) from the true pole.

The expedition's official camera was damaged along the way, so only amateur photographs taken by Olaf Biolan's personal camera were preserved .

On December 18, 1911, the Amundsen expedition left Pulheim . Amundsen, in the event of his death on the way back, left a message in the tent for the King of Norway to conquer the pole and a request to Scott to deliver it to its destination, as well as several things: a sextant with a mirror horizon, a cylinder from a drywall , three bags, deer fur and several mittens.

After 34 days, Scott's expedition arrived at the pole and saw Pulheim with the Norwegian flag. This caused the British great disappointment and demoralized the expedition, which is considered one of the reasons for its death. Amundsen in My Life claims that Scott would die anyway.

Amundsen's letters left in Pulheim were later discovered with the bodies of Scott and his companions and served as evidence of the conquest of the pole by Amundsen.

After Robert Scott left the South Pole with an expedition in January 1912, no one else saw the tent of Royal Amundsen. Based on the accuracy of Amundsen’s calculations in 1911, information on the movement of ice, and the level of snow that the mainland rises annually, in December 2011, the tent was supposed to be located at a point with coordinates with an error of 300 meters, being immersed in snow to a depth of about 17 meters ^[1] .

In 1994, attempts were made to find Amundsen's tent for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer . Two expeditions were organized, which ended unsuccessfully, and during the last one person died ^{[2] [3]} .

• Framheim
• Amundsen Scott (Antarctic Station)

• Roald Amundsen. South Pole