Vyatka (Yaroslavl region)

The village of Vyatskoye was first mentioned in documentary sources in 1502 as the center of the metropolitan Vyatka volost lying to the west of Kostroma in the basins of the Kasti and Soti rivers. The name of the village, presumably, is associated with the nearby road to the city of Vyatka . According to the hundredth letter of 1562, in the village of Vyatskoye there was a yard of the metropolitan clerk, 3 yards of churchmen and 10 yards of arable peasants. Across the Vokhtoma River (now the Ukhtomka River), a village of unplanned, trading, and craft people lay in front of the village, in which there were 17 courtyards.

In the XVII century, the village of Vyatskoye, which by that time had a relatively large size, was the patrimony of the patriarch Filaret (Fedor Nikitich Romanov).

From the end of the 18th century , mention is made of Vyatka bazaars, held weekly on Thursdays, and annual fairs. The main subjects of trade were cattle, horses, rye, oats, vegetables, leather, wool, products of local artisans: sledges, carts, wheels, baskets, threshers, spinning wheels, rakes, blacksmith products, clay and wooden dishes, etc. .

The loamy, moist soils of the village, suitable for growing vegetables, have contributed to the development of cucumber fishing since the mid- 19th century . Pickles were sold at local bazaars, but most were exported to Arkhangelsk . In 1906 alone, about 8190 tons of cucumbers were exported from the Vyatka volost. On a smaller scale, this fishery still exists. In addition to cucumbers, Vyatka peasants cultivated flax , sold at the Yaroslavl and Kostroma manufactories, and raised cattle . No less characteristic for Vyatsky was the latrine industry (mainly to St. Petersburg ). The specialties of stove-makers and roofers were traditional. The craft was inherited. Thus, the men of the Shirkin and Solodovnikov families were stove-makers, and the representatives of the Davydov and Postnikov families were roofers.

Among the inhabitants of the village of Vyatskoye there were also representatives of the merchant class: the Yaroslavl second guild merchants Ivan, Nikolai and Alexander Kuzmichi Urlovs with their families; Danilovsky third guild merchant Ivan Vasilievich Salov with children; Danilovsky third guild merchant Nikita Prokhorovich Galochkin. Wealthy Petersburg merchants S. L. Kundyshev-Volodin and Kokin also left the peasants of the Vyatka volost.

The village of Vyatskoye is one of the centers of the Old Believers in the Yaroslavl province. At the end of the 19th century, the number of Old Believers in the parish of the Vyatka Assumption Church was 37 men and 180 women, the Vyatka Resurrection Church - 11 men, 73 women. Among the local Old Believer leaders, who enjoy authority and influence among schismatics, the former peasant of the Danilovsky district of the Zaluzhsky volost of the village of Vysokovo stood out: the Yaroslavl tradesman Ivan Ignatievich Lapshin, who lives in the village of Yelokhov; Ivan Ivanovich Galochkin, a merchant of red goods in the village of Vyatsky.

In the 1870s, the Vyatka volost became one of the centers of revolutionary propaganda among peasants in the Yaroslavl province - “going to the people”. The Narodniks A.I. Ivanchin-Pisarev (1849-1916) and N.A. Morozov (1854-1946) in the village of Potapovo (4 versts from Vyatka) opened a school for peasant children and organized a carpentry workshop. The peasant children and peasants were inspired with ideas about the injustice of the existing order and the need to overthrow it through a "people's revolution." But even where propaganda was conducted most thoroughly and for a long time (as in Potapov), it did not give real results in terms of the goals set by the revolutionaries. Willingly listening to propagandists, sympathizing with their speeches, the peasants did not show initiative anywhere in the sense of readiness for independent action. It did not work out between them a real "conspiracy", was not even laid the foundation of a peasant organization.

By the beginning of the 20th century , there were 160 yards and 840 inhabitants in Vyatka. In the village there were two churches of the beginning of the 18th century, a volost government, a higher primary 4-grade school, a free public library, a zemstvo hospital, two almshouses . Active trading activities contributed to the emergence of more than a dozen restaurants and inns, several bakeries, a large number of merchants and shops. Until 1923, the village of Vyatskoye was part of the Danilovsky district of the Yaroslavl province .

The civil war of 1917-1922 did not pass by the Vyatka volost. An immediate reason for the aggravation of the situation in Danilovsky Uyezd and in Vyatka, in particular, was the announcement of the re-registration of horsemen, carts and harnesses for the needs of the Red Army from June 1 to 20, 1919 . The unwillingness of many peasants to part with their good forced them, in the end, to join the so-called. white-green movement .

The peasants' speeches against these and other events of the Soviet regime were led by the former officers of the tsarist army, brothers Konstantin and Dmitry Ozerov and Georgy Andreevich Pashkov, teacher of the Vyatka Higher Primary School. They managed to win over a significant part of the rural youth to be drafted into the Red Army. In total, about 8,000 white-green ones were concentrated in the Danilovsky and Lyubimsky counties and the districts of the Kostroma province bordering them. By the end of July 1919, the main military operations in Danilovsky and Lyubim counties were over. Detachments of white-green scattered. They were finally eliminated in the spring of 1920 . G. Pashkov died. Brothers 0zerov fled. D. Ozerov was executed in 1925 ; the fate of his brother K. Ozerov is unknown.

In January 1930, the collective farm “Red Beam” was organized in Vyatsky, the first chairman of which was the peasant P. P. Yastrebov. The collective farm included 150 poor farms, at the disposal of which were 120 hectares of land, 30 horses and 13 cows. At first, there were three field crews on the farm; in 1932, livestock breeding was organized. By 1935, there were already 250 farms on the collective farm; the number of livestock increased significantly. In 1936, the milkmaid N. A. Zelenkova, who received 4660 liters of milk from each of the ten cows assigned to her, was awarded the Order of Lenin . In 1950 and 1959 enlargement of collective farms was carried out, as a result of which the united "Red Ray" appeared, which later became a successful diversified economy. For the period from 1965 to 1975 , the collective farm's net profit increased from 114.4 thousand rubles. up to 414 thousand rubles ^{[4] The} collective farm was awarded the challenge Red Banner of the Ministry of Agriculture of the RSFSR, numerous diplomas and diplomas. By the beginning of the 1990s, production capacities and social and cultural life on its balance sheet were 12 million rubles. A great contribution to its development was made by V. G. Kolobenin, N. A. Koptelkov, B. A. Ryzhonkov, S. I. Pozdnyakov, L. S. Perelomova and others. Since the early 1990s the collective farm began to experience financial difficulties, and in 2009 the Arbitration Court of the Yaroslavl Region declared it bankrupt. ^[five]

The village of Vyatskoe became widely known in the Yaroslavl region in the 1950s with the formation of a school of mechanization here. The school first trained tractor drivers and combine harvesters, then - machine operators and drivers. In the 1960s , up to 700 people studied at the school. From the mid -1950s to the early 1960s, 120 graduates each year were sent to the virgin lands. In different years, the school was headed by V.V. Salov, V.V. Tikhomirov, N.V. Barmashov. In the late 1980s, a large complex of buildings and structures was built for the school, including an educational building, a hostel, two apartment buildings for teachers with all amenities, a boiler room, an autodrome for trucks, sports fields and a football field, garages, workshops and others outbuildings, the school was equipped with modern automotive equipment. The school lasted until 1995 . From the late 1990s to the mid-2010s, the school building was occupied by the Training Center of the Internal Affairs Directorate of the Yaroslavl Region. As of 2019, the complex of buildings is empty.

• Telushkin, Peter (d. 1833) - a master roofer who carried out in 1831 the most difficult repair of the wing of the angel crowning the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg , was the adopted son of the Vyatskoselsky merchant Telushkin. He climbed the spire without scaffolding with the help of ropes alone, which makes this case one of the first successful experiments in the use of industrial mountaineering in Russia ^[7] . On May 18, 2011, the “Museum of Angels” was opened in Vyatsky, dedicated to the feat of Peter Telushkin. ^[eight]
• Nikitin, Fedor - a blacksmith who made the central dome of the Transfiguration Cathedral of the city ​​of Rybinsk . ^[9]
• Egorov, Sergey Andreevich (13.09. 1899 - 07. 1941 ) - military political worker, Hero of the Soviet Union. ^[ten]
• Sakharov, Nikolai Ivanovich (bibliographer) ( 1921 - 1999 ) - chess bibliographer, honorary citizen of Khimki .
• Moldagulova, Alia Nurmukhambetovna (1925-1944) - sniper, Hero of the Soviet Union , studied at the Vyatka school in 1942 .
• Pozdnyakov, Sergey Ivanovich - foreman of the tractor brigade of the Krasny Luch collective farm, cavalier of the Order of Lenin , twice cavalier of the order of the Red Banner of Labor .

In the village there are: Vyatka secondary school of general education , the Museum of Russian entrepreneurship, Vyatka medical outpatient institution, social house of small capacity for the elderly and the disabled, a branch of the Vlasyevskaya pharmacy (Yaroslavl), a library, a kindergarten, a post office, a branch of Sberbank " . A significant part of the able-bodied population works in various institutions and enterprises of the city of Yaroslavl and the village of Red Profintern , as well as in the Grigorievsky neuropsychiatric boarding school (Yaroslavl region).

Since 2007, OOO Yaroslavl Investment and Finance Company has been implementing a program for the reconstruction of the village of Vyatskoye with the goal of turning it into a tourist center. As part of this program, work is underway on the reconstruction of buildings in the historical part of the village, as well as the construction of new structures and buildings (including residential).

In 1911, in the village of Vyatsky, near the volost government building, a bust of Alexander II by A.M. Opekushin was installed. In 1918, the bust of the emperor was removed, and in its place a bust of Karl Marx was later installed. In May 2008, the sculpture of Alexander II, made by the Tutaev sculptor Vsevolod Alaev from the surviving photographs of the guardian original ^[11] , was restored to its original place. The bust of Karl Marx shot this time was donated to them. Karl Marx in the village of Red Profintern of the Nekrasovsky district, however, he soon returned to Vyatka and, as of 2014, was in the hall of the village council.

The following permanent museum exhibits are located in Vyatka:

• Museum of Russian Entrepreneurship
• Museum of the Returned Shrine
• Museum "Gorokhov House"
• Museum "Russian Bathhouse in the Black"
• Museum of Kitchen Machinery
• Museum "Children's World"
• Museum-Printing "Pages of the history of printing"
• Polytechnical Museum
• Museum "House of Angels"
• Museum "Numbering of Merchants of the Urlov Brothers"
• Museum “Sounds of Time” ^[12]

• Kolobenin V.G. Our village is Vyatskoye. Yaroslavl: Upper Volzh. Prince Publishing House, 1976.144 p.
• Maltseva N. Yu. Vyatka - grabbing people // Word on the land of Bolshesolskaya. Kostroma: Diara, 1999.S. 225-230.
• Maltseva N. Yu. Trading village of Vyatskoye. Yaroslavl, 2004.36 s.

• About Vyatka (neopr.) . Historical and cultural center "Vyatskoe" . Date of treatment June 20, 2018.
• MOU Vyatka secondary school
• Culture, history and traditions of the village of Vyatskoye
• Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Vyatka, 1705
• Prayer house of Old Believers Filipovites in the village of Vyatskoye
• Tushinetc. Museum of Printing in the village of Vyatskoye (Neopr.) . Livejournal (August 4, 2017). Date of treatment June 20, 2018.