Kuddus Khodzhamyarovich Kuzhamyarov (Uygh. Қuddus Ғoҗamiyarov; May 21, 1918 - April 8, 1994 ) - Soviet, Kazakhstani, Uyghur composer, teacher, public figure, founder of Uyghur professional music.
| Kuddus Kuzhamyarov | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Monument to Kuddus Kuzhamyarov in Alma-Ata | ||||||||||
| basic information | ||||||||||
| Date of Birth | ||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Kainazar , Verna County , Semirechye region , Turkestan ASSR , RSFSR | |||||||||
| Date of death | ||||||||||
| Place of death | ||||||||||
| Buried | ||||||||||
| A country | ||||||||||
| Professions | composer , music teacher | |||||||||
| Genres | ||||||||||
| Awards |
| |||||||||
Content
Biography
He was born on May 21, 1918 in the village of Kainazar (now Enbekshikazakh district , Almaty region , Kazakhstan . At the age of 3 months he lost his father.
When K. Kuzhamyarov arrived in Alma-Ata to enter the music and drama college (now the Alma-Ata College of Music named after P. Tchaikovsky [1] ), he was not yet 16 years old. He studied in the period 1933-1939, first in the violin class, then switched to the piano department, where he began to compose music, passed the exams at the composer's faculty of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Theater . However, due to the outbreak of war, studies had to be postponed - he was drafted into the Red Army [2] . Member of the CPSU (b) since 1943 [3] .
After demobilization in 1946 he returned to Alma-Ata. In 1951 he graduated from the Kazakh Conservatory in composition with Professor E. G. Brusilovsky , who tells in his memoirs:
Among my students, Kuddus Kuzhamyarov is especially dear to me. He appeared to me unexpectedly with a 20-year-old boy in Asian galoshes on his bare foot. He no longer had a father, and his mother worked as a cleaner in the same Muzdramtekhnikum, where he studied at the piano department. He said that he wanted to become a composer, and therefore decided to contact me. For twenty years he played the piano very unimportantly. In this area, he clearly did not expect anything good. But the composer's abilities convinced me, and I began to study with him a little. Thus, a young man appeared who decided to become the first Uyghur composer in the history of his people. I was very interested in this prospect. From a young age, he was distinguished by discipline, determination, the absence of youthful frivolity and ordinary weaknesses. He did not try to smoke, did not indulge in wine, did not know at all any temptations in life. In the most difficult conditions of life, he did not lose heart, did not complain, and continued to organize and successfully work. Mother and son lived on the skinny salary of a cleaning lady in a typical "Old Alma-Ata skyscraper." It was a handmade clay dugout with small windows at ground level. The roof of reeds and grass constantly leaked, and water seeped onto the earthen floor. The old-time mother wanted her son to give up all this impoverished art and, like all his peers, trade in the market, then he would marry a Uigur girl with a rich dowry and become a respectable person. But Kuddus did not give up: he starved, wore old patched clothes and continued to work, stubbornly making his way to the intended goal. As a result, he won the right to go to the Moscow Conservatory and entered it. But the Patriotic War began, and he ended up in the army. From there, Kuddus wrote flaming letters to me with his clumsy slanting handwriting, in which he assured me that as soon as the war was over, he would again work with me on composition. He requested that a place be reserved for him in the conservatory, since the Nazis would soon be finally smashed, and he would return home to Alma-Ata. [four] |
After graduating from the Alma-Ata Conservatory in 1951-1952, he trained at the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory (class of professor V. Ya. Shebalin ).
In 1952 - Artistic Director of Kazakh Radio .
From 1953, he was a teacher in the instrumentation class, from 1955, in the composition class, in 1957-1967, the rector, in 1960-1964 and 1969-1991, the head of the department of the Kazakh Conservatory. Since 1965 - professor [3] .
Member of international festivals in Tehran in 1961 and in Baghdad in 1964 [3] . In 1976, he was a member of the jury of the All-Union Festival of Creativity of Young Composers and Students of USSR Musical Universities in Leningrad .
He died on April 8, 1994 (according to other sources - April 10, 1992 [5] [6] ) in Alma-Ata. He was buried in the Kensai cemetery [7] .
Community Activities
Member of the Board of the Union of Composers of Kazakhstan, in 1955-1959 - its chairman. In 1957-1979 he was a member of the Board of the II — VI congresses of composers of the USSR, in 1957-1980 he was a member of the artistic council of the USSR Ministry of Culture , in 1959-1963 he was a member of the Kazakh SSR commission for culture and education, and in 1961-1980 he was a member USSR Commission of Experts on Art, in 1962-1970 - member of the Committee on Lenin and State Prizes in the field of science and art under the Council of Ministers of the USSR , in 1963-1987 - member of the Council of the Institute of Uygology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR , in 1966-1980 - Member of the Award Committee Remuneration of the Kazakh SSR in the field of literature and art, in 1992 - consultant of the composition department of the Xinjiang Institute of Arts ( China ) [8] . He was also a member of the board of the Friendship and Cultural Relations Society with Foreign Countries and the Otan Society for Cultural Relations with Compatriots Abroad.
He was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (1961-1967), a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Kazakh SSR of 5-6 convocations.
Creativity
The founder of Uyghur professional music, his works based on the Uyghur national melos are distinguished by original techniques, sharp harmonious language, and colorful orchestration.
List of works
Opera
- "Nazugum" (1956, on the heroine of the national liberation uprising of the Uyghur people in the early 19th century)
- “Golden Mountains” (1960, with N. Tlendiev )
- “Sadyr Palvan” (1975)
Ballets:
- Chin-Tomur (1967)
Oratorios:
- “Blossom the Semirechye” (words by T. Moldagaliev, 1970)
Cantatas:
- "Homeland" (1986)
For symphony orchestra:
- 5 symphonies (1st (in memory of Abdulla Rozybakiev , 1971), 2nd (1974), 3rd (1981), 4th (Takla-Makan, 1984))
- Symphonic poem “Rizvangul” (1950)
- Symphonic poem "Song of Freedom" (1954)
- Overture "The Red Flag Flies" (1959)
- Mashrap Symphony Pictures (1972)
- 3 suites (1955, 1967, 1969)
- Symphonic dances (1952)
For orchestra of Kazakh folk instruments
- The Festive Poem (1952)
- The Chinese Lyric (1953)
- Uyghur Dances (1956)
- Margul (1967)
- The Kazakh Dance (1972)
- The Uigur Tunes (1973)
For trumpet and orchestra:
- Concert (1973)
For choir and orchestra:
- Suites “An Evening at the Uigur Collective Farm” (lyrics by K. Khasanov, 1957), “Friendship Road” (lyrics by X. Bekkhokhin , 1958), “Lenin Party” (lyrics by T. Zharokov , 1962)
- The poem “Thoughts on Al-Tau” (lyrics by A. Tazhibaev , 1968)
For the choir:
- Suites “On the collective farm field” (1949), on the themes of Uyghur folk songs (folk lyrics, 1969)
For string quartet:
- “In the native collective farm” (on Uyghur folk themes, 1950)
For soloists, choir and ensemble of Uyghur folk instruments:
- Suite “Virgin Soil Will Blossom” (1954)
For string trio:
- Variations on Uyghur folk themes (1948)
For violin and piano:
- Dance (1947), Uyghur Dance (1948), Sonata (1949), Lullaby and Dance (1967), Two Pieces (1973)
For cello and piano:
- Elegy (1938), Andante (1949), Meditation, monologue and story (1969)
For viola and piano:
- Three Pieces (1976)
For piano:
- Children's Album (15 piano pieces), Six Little Preludes (1937), Ballad (1937), Night Story (1937), Moonlit Night (1937), Songs Without Words (1938), “ Funeral March ”(1938),“ Collective Farm Youth ”(1938),“ Song Without Words ”(1939), Waltz (1939), Dance (1939), Dance (1939), Prelude (1939), Two Nocturnes (1939), Prelude-poem (1947), Nocturne (1947), Prelude (1947), Nocturne (1948), “Spring is coming” (1955), “Spring song” (1955), “Sunbeam” (1955), “Last snow” (1964), The Rain (1964), Four Pieces (1977)
For voice and piano:
- romances
Chamber compositions:
- chamber-instrumental ensembles - quartets, trios, sonatas, etc.
Other:
- instrumental plays, music for drama theater performances, including the play “Sadyr Palvan” by A. Makhpirov in the Uyghur Regional Music and Drama Theater (now the State Republican Uyghur Theater of Musical Comedy named after K. Kuzhamyarov ) in 1957.
- songs
- processing of Kazakh and Uyghur folk songs.
Awards and titles
- Honored Artist of the Kazakh SSR ( 1954 )
- People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR ( 1973 )
- People's Artist of the USSR ( 1987 )
- Stalin Prize of the third degree ( 1951 ) - for the poem "Rizvangul" for the symphony orchestra (1950)
- State Prize of the Kazakh SSR ( 1984 ) - for the 3rd symphony
- Order of Lenin (3.1.1959)
- Order of the October Revolution (1977)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor ( 1971 )
- Order of the Badge of Honor ( 1961 )
- medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1947 )
- Veteran of Labor medal ( 1980 )
- Badge of Honor “For Excellent Successes in the Field of Higher Education of the USSR” ( 1978 )
- The badge "For excellent work" of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR ( 1964 )
Memory
- On March 3, 2005, by the decree of the Government of Kazakhstan, the name of the People's Artist of the USSR Kuddus Kuzhamyarov was assigned to the State Republican Uyghur Theater of Musical Comedy [9] .
- In July 2008, a monument to Kuddus Kuzhamyarov by sculptor Magamed Abdullaev and architect Arkin Mametbakiyev was erected near the theater [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Almaty College of Music named after Tchaikovsky - College History (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment September 8, 2014. Archived July 25, 2014.
- ↑ Sarah Kuzembaeva . He lived in music. On the 90th anniversary of Kuddus Kuzhamyarov (1918-1994) (inaccessible link - history ) . Date of treatment June 24, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kazakh SSR: Brief Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. R.N. Nurgaliev. - Alma-Ata: Ch. ed. Kazakh Soviet Encyclopedia, 1991. - T. 4: Language. Literature. Folklore. Art. Architecture. - S. 338-339. - 31,300 copies. - ISBN 5-89800-023-2 .
- ↑ Bondarenko O. Anniversary chord // Evening Almaty. - April 15, 2008.
- ↑ History of the development of cultural life in Talgar | Electronic Talgar
- ↑ History of cultural life in Talgar
- ↑ Personal site - Kuzhamyarov Kuddus Khodzhamyarovich
- ↑ Musical and cultural activity of K. Kh. Kuzhamyarov
- ↑ Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated March 3, 2005 No. 200 “On the name and renaming of educational, cultural and sports organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan”.
- ↑ Irina Lebedeva. In Almaty, a monument to the founder of Uyghur classical music Kuddus Kuzhamyarov (unavailable link) was unveiled . Date of treatment June 22, 2009. Archived March 25, 2012.
Literature
- Aravin P.V. Kuddus Kuzhamyarov. - M., 1962
- Khamraev M. The heyday of the culture of the Uyghur people. - Alma-Ata, 1967
- Kirina K. Kuddus Kuzhamyarov. - M., 1979
- Zhetpisbaeva A. A. Happiness to be the first .// In collection: Brotherhood of peoples - brotherhood of cultures. - Alma-Ata, 1985