A telescopic ladder (aka telescope , also colloquial "sleeve", "trunk", "gut") is a device for communicating an airplane with the terminal building , without an intermediate exit of passengers to the street, a kind of aviation ladder . Much less often, telescopic traps are used in ports to transfer passengers from the building of the sea station to the ship .
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It is a telescopically expanding corridor consisting of several modules, capable of moving relative to the aircraft: horizontally on the ground with the help of wheels or suspended and vertically by electric or hydraulic lifts, since the position of the entrance doors for different types of aircraft is different.
When using a parking lot with a telescope, the aircraft usually first drives into the parking lot independently using its own engines, following the visual signals of the meeting ground personnel or at the commands of a special traffic light ; after the airplane stops, the telescope operator sets it to the front door of the airplane. After this, the telescope itself can track the vertical movements of the fuselage of the aircraft (due to its unloading and loading) and move within the necessary limits vertically, thus preserving its position relative to the front door.
Content
History
The first prototype telescope was installed in Terminal 2 of the San Francisco Airport, which opened in 1954 . [one]
Benefits
If there is a telescope, the landing and disembarkation of passengers is much faster: the telescope provides passengers with more comfortable access conditions to the terminal building or to the plane, mainly due to the movement of passengers in one plane, as close as possible to the horizontal plane - there are no phases of descent along the stairs to the apron, movement along the platform (in the bus), climbing the ladder of the mobile ladder to the plane, as well as eliminating the influence of adverse weather conditions. Less aircraft and personnel are required to service the flight; pre-flight time for passenger service is increasing.
Landing through telescopic ladders helps minimize the microclimate of the terminal building.
Weaknesses
- The installation of a telescopic trap is associated with significant material costs and specific requirements for the architecture of the terminal, justifying themselves with significant passenger traffic .
- The use of the telescope is possible only if the aircraft is installed directly next to the airport terminal, thereby limiting the number of such parking spaces. Most airports in the world therefore still use mobile ramps at remote parking lots and passenger transportation on special airfield buses .
- An airplane located at the terminal, as a rule, cannot drive out of the parking lot on its own: towing the aircraft by tractors is necessary to a special platform indicated by the flight director, where the engines start and the liner starts to steer forward. All this requires additional time and the availability of special equipment and personnel.
- Towing an aircraft in reverse from the terminal building and, of course, from the telescope, requires certain financial costs of airlines, therefore, many of them specially agree with the airport management on long-distance parking of the company's aircraft: an ordinary self-propelled ramp and an ordinary airfield bus cost for the airline much cheaper than towing a liner with tractors using expensive fuel and a fee from the carrier company for servicing its flights via telescopic rap.
- In winter, the telescope can freeze and damage the aircraft if the docking point was not properly treated with anti-icing agents .
Gallery
Teletrap in the seaport
Inside a typical teletrap.
Inside the glass teletrap ThyssenKrupp
Teletrap at Turkmenbashi International Airport
ThyssenKrupp Airport Systems telescope at Vancouver International Airport
ThyssenKrupp Airport Systems telescope and Dew Engineering equipment at Calgary Airport
Teletrap at Cologne Bonn Airport
Airbus A321 Sharklet “ Mark Bernes ”, docked to teletrap 27. Terminal D, a / p Sheremetyevo, Moscow