Fenerbahce (football club)

1907-1923. Early years

The club was officially founded in 1907 , but its roots go back to 1899 . At the end of the XIX century, any sports and cultural societies were banned in the Ottoman Empire . Sultan Abdul-Hamid II was afraid of any associations of interests, considering them a threat to the monarchy.

In 1899, residents of the Kadikoy district decided to create a team, giving it the name "Black Stockings" ( English Black stockings FC ); it soon broke up. In 1902, they again assembled a team, this time called the Kadikoy Football Club, but this team was not destined to become the first in the history of Turkish football. The third attempt was successful. In 1907, on a spring day, Zia Songülen and Enver Nejip Akaner decided to create a Fenerbahçe sports club. This sports society was also created secretly so as not to get into trouble. According to the laws of the times of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II, youth was forbidden to create clubs and play the English game of football. Zia Songülen was elected the club’s first president, Aetullah Bey became the club’s first general secretary, and Enver Nejip Akaner was appointed club captain.

The activities of the Fenerbahçe Society were illegal until the 1908 reform, when all football clubs were officially registered legally. The club began to be based on Besbuik Street in Fashion, Kadikoy. Initially, the colors of the team were yellow and white, but in 1909 they were changed to yellow and dark blue, under which the club has played until today. Fenerbahçe joined the Istanbul League in 1909 , taking fifth place in the first year of the competition.

The next 2 years for the club were very difficult and there was a threat of collapse. But team member Elkatipzade Mustafa helped the club and the team continued to play in different leagues in Istanbul . The team recruited players from Kadikoy School and Robert and St. Joseph College. In 1911, the young team for the first time became the champion of the Istanbul Football League without losing a single game. In 1912-1913, due to the Balkan war, the league was not held, and in 1914 and 1915 the team again became a champion without a single defeat. The club also won the Championship of the Young Teams held in 1914 and was awarded the historic Cup by the British as the team that won the largest number of tournaments in the last 10 years.

Subsequently, from 1918 to 1923, Fenerbahce played against the Royal Navy , who occupied Istanbul during the Turkish War of Independence . Some British soldiers formed their soccer teams in Turkey, which had special names like Essex Engineers , Irish Guards , Grenadiers, and Artillery ( Eng.Artillery ). These teams played against each other and against the local football clubs of Istanbul. Fenerbahçe won many of these matches ^[3] .

1923-1958

The founder of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was an ardent fan of “canaries”. On August 10, 1928, during the Fenerbahçe – Galatasaray match in the Gazi Cup (3: 3), Atatürk sat next to three Galatasaray fans and two Fenerbahçe fans, during the match he said the following: “There are equal numbers of us here , three by three, because I am also a fan of Fenerbahçe. ” On June 5, 1932, the club’s headquarters burned to the ground, and the first material assistance came from Ataturk.

In 1923, after the advent of the Republic, the Turkish Football Federation was created. The Football Federation began to organize regional leagues in other cities. Later, Turkish football officials began to unite clubs in one league. So in 1936 the Turkish National League appeared ( Tour. Milli Küme ), which Fenerbahçe won 6 times (1937, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1950) out of 11 possible.

1959-2000

In 1959, the Turkish Football Federation founded the National League, which was called the Super League . Fenerbahce won the first tournament, defeating Galatasaray 4-1 on the road. The following year, Fenerbahçe took part in the European Cup for the first time in its history. In the qualifying round, the “canaries” defeated the Hungarian “ Chepel ” (1: 1, 3: 2). But already in the first round, the team after a draw (2: 1, 1: 2), in the replay, was defeated by the French “ Nice ” 1: 5.

Fenerbahçe became the most successful Turkish club in the 1960s, winning five out of ten championships. In 1967, Fenerbahçe became the first club to win the Balkan Cup (a tournament for clubs from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia, which existed from the 1960/61 season to the 1993/94 season), having won in the final in three Greek AEK matches (1: 0, 1: 2 and 3: 1). This success remained the only one until 1992, when another Istanbul club Sariyer won the trophy again.

In the 1970s, Fenerbahçe became the champion four more times. Then for the first time in the fight for the championship in the “Big Three” (Fenerbahçe, Besiktas and Galatasaray) a new club was added - Trabzonspor , which in the second half of the 70s became the country's strongest club. Fenerbahçe, on the other hand, began to snatch positions, winning only three championships in the 1980s. Then, during the 1990s, Turkey was completely dominated by Galatasaray and Besiktas, having won the championship nine out of ten times. Fenerbahçe managed to win the championship only once in the 1995/96 season under the supervision of experienced Brazilian coach Carlos Alberto Parreira .

Since 2001

The next time, Fenerbahçe won the championship in 2001, snatching the fifth title from Galatasaray. The next season, however, in the future things did not go so well for Fenerbahçe, ending the 2001/02 season in second place with the legendary Ortega in the line-up, the next year the team took 6th place and did not get into European cups. Despite this, the season was memorable for many Fenerbahçe fans thanks to a 6-0 victory over their main rival, Galatasaray, at their home stadium, Sükryu Sarajoglu , on November 6, 2002.

After a terrible season, Fenerbahçe hired a German coach, Christoph Daum . Daum, previously coaching in Turkey, won the championship with Besiktas in the 1994/95 season. In addition to the well-known coach, Fenerbahçe also bought new strong players, including Pierre van Hoidonka , Mehmet Aurelio , and Fabio Luciano . These new players led Fenerbahçe to their fifteenth rank and third star on the coat of arms (one of which is awarded for every 5 titles). The following year was unsuccessful, they missed Trabzonspor first, but then won the sixteenth Turkish title. In the 2005/06 season, Fenerbahçe lost the title in the last round, missing Galatasaray. “Fenerbahce” needed to be defeated, but instead they tied with “ Denizlispor ” 1: 1, and “Galatasaray” won 3-0 “ Kayserispor ”.

Shortly afterwards, Christoph Daum was removed from his post as coach and was replaced by Brazilian Zico on July 4, 2006 . He began his work by signing two new defenders from his Brazilian championship - Uruguayan Diego Lugano and Brazilian Edu Drasen . Zico also signed two strikers, Serbian player Matej Kežman and Brazilian David . Fenerbahçe began the 2006/07 domestic season with a 6–0 win over Ergiespor. In the 32nd round of the Super League, two matches before the end of the tournament, Fenerbahce tied with Trabzonspor 2-2, while Besiktas lost to Bursaspor 0-3. As a result, Fenerbahçe won the seventeenth Turkish title, which became a national record.

Fenerbahçe started the 2007/08 season by signing Brazilian star Roberto Carlos , who switched for free after his contract with Real Madrid was not renewed. Also, young players appeared in the club, in particular Turks Gökhan Gönül , Yasin Чakmak , Ilkhan Parlak, Ali Bilgin, Turkish-English striker Kazim-Richards , Turkish-Brazilian left back Gökçek Vederson , who joined Fenerbahçe at the beginning of the season and Chilean captain Claudio Maldonado , who joined the team in January 2008. That year, under the leadership of Zico, Fenerbahce for the first time in the club’s history left the group in the Champions League, where it defeated Sevilla and became the quarterfinal of the tournament. Until now, this result remains the most successful for the team in the European arena. In March 2008, Fenerbahce was admitted to the Guinness World Records Menagement Team , which stipulates that Fenerbahce has the largest number of trophy medals and achievements on the planet, a total of 1,134 cups and medals.

After successfully playing in the local league and in international matches, Zico received a new pseudonym from Fenerbahçe fans: “Kral Arthur” (meaning “King Arthur” in Turkish). And for the team the nickname is "King Arthur and his Knights."

Fenerbahçe was expelled from the Champions League 2011/12 ^[4] , as it was proved the fact of some contractual matches with his participation, he could also be transferred to the First League ^[5] to restore order in the club, but the Turkish Football Federation refused it to do. The following year, the club began playing in the 2012/13 Champions League, but did not make it to the group stage (losing to Spartak Moscow in the sum of two matches), and reached the semi-finals of the Europa League, where it lost to the future finalist of the tournament - Benfica . In the summer of 2013, UEFA again suspended Fenerbahce from participating in European competitions for a period of two years with the possibility of extension for a year. Therefore, despite the victory in the championship of the 2013/14 season, the club was left without a European tournament. By the time the club returned to European competition in the 2015/16 season, Portuguese coach Vitor Pereira was invited and contracts were signed with new world-class players - Simon Kier , Nani and Robin van Persie . However, the club was unable to defeat Shakhtar in the third qualifying round of the Champions League (0: 0; 0: 3) and continued their European Cup path in the Europa League with a match against Atromitos . Under the leadership of the Portuguese, the Istanbul team took second place in the Turkish championship , passing Besiktas ahead, and also lost another principal rival from Istanbul , Galatasaray , in the final of the Country Cup . On August 11, 2016, the club terminated the contract with Pereira and his coaching staff. The reason for the dismissal was called the departure in the third qualifying round of the Champions League from “ Monaco ” ^[6] . Soon, the management of Fenera made an official statement, from which it follows that Vitor Pereira voluntarily left the club’s location with his assistants.

On August 16, 2016, Fenerbahçe announced the appointment of Dick Lawyer . The agreement of the Dutch specialist with the Turkish club is designed for one year ^[8] .

The lighthouse located on Cape Fenerbahçe had a great influence on the design of the club’s first emblem, which used the yellow and white colors of daffodils that grew around the lighthouse. The shape has also been designed with yellow and white stripes.

The club’s emblem and colors were changed in 1910 , when Hikmet Topuser changed the color to yellow and dark blue, which can be seen today.

Topuzer himself describes the history of the club’s emblem as follows: “After changing the colors of our club, it was difficult to create a coat of arms in which all our colors appeared. My friends entrusted this difficult job to me. Firstly, I tried to depict the colors of our national flag — red and white — on the coat of arms. Then in the center on the shield were yellow and dark blue. I wrote the name of the club and the date of foundation on a white background. In every shade I put a certain meaning. My friends liked the design. My friends immediately fell in love with the project, and the sketches were sent to the designer Tevfik Hakkari, who was in Germany at that time . ”

After the creation of the new Turkish alphabet in 1928 , the design was abandoned, but the club name on the emblem was changed to "Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü 1907".

Until now, the colors remain yellow-blue, and five different colors are depicted on the Fenerbahçe coat of arms. White means purity and an open heart, red means love and devotion to the club, as well as the Turkish flag, yellow means the envy of competitors, dark blue means nobility. The oak leaf, depicted the floor of the blue and yellow sections, symbolizes the power and strength of the members of Fenerbahçe, the green color of the leaf reflects the successes of the Istanbul club ^[9] .

Sponsors

On August 14, 2015, Fenerbahce entered into a one-year sponsorship contract with the Russian Internet company Yandex . Согласно договору между сторонами, надпись Yandex будет занимать место титульного спонсора на форме на всех матчах чемпионата Турции сезона 2015/2016 ^[10] .

¹ Спонсор в европейских турнирах

Национальные турниры

• Turkish Super League :
  •   Champion ( 28 ): 1933, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1959 , 1960/61 , 1963/64 , 1964/65 , 1967/68 , 1969/70 , 1973/74 , 1974 / 75 , 1977/78 , 1982/83 , 1984/85 , 1988/89 , 1995/96 , 2000/01 , 2003/04 , 2004/05 , 2006/07 , 2010/11 , 2013/14
  •   Vice Champion ( 26 ): 1940, 1944, 1947, 1947, 1959/60 , 1961/62 , 1966/67 , 1970/71 , 1972/73 , 1975/76 , 1976/77 , 1979/80 , 1983/84 , 1989/90 , 1991/92 , 1993/94 , 1997/98 , 2001/02 , 2005/06 , 2007/08 , 2009/10 , 2011/12 , 2012/13 , 2014/15 , 2015/16
• Turkish Cup :
  •   Owner ( 6 ): 1967/68 , 1973/74 , 1978/79 , 1982/83 , 2011/12 , 2012/13
  •   Finalist ( 10 ): 1962/63 , 1964/65 , 1988/89 , 1995/96 , 2000/01 , 2004/05 , 2005/06 , 2008/09 , 2009/10 , 2015/16
• Turkish Super Cup :
  •   Winner ( 9 ): 1968 , 1973 , 1975 , 1984 , 1985 , 1990 , 2007 , 2009 , 2014
  •   Finalist ( 9 ): 1970 , 1974 , 1978 , 1979 , 1983 , 1989 , 1996 , 2012 , 2013

International Tournaments

•   UEFA Champions League
  • Quarter Final ( 1 ): 2008
•   UEFA Europa League
  • Semifinal ( 1 ): 2013
•   '' UEFA Cup Winners Cup
  • Quarter Final ( 1 ): 1964
• Balkan Cup
  •   Owner ( 1 ): 1967

Other Achievements

• Istanbul League
  • Champion ( 15 ): 1911/12 , 1913/14 , 1920/21 , 1922/23 , 1929/30 , 1932/33 , 1934/35 , 1935/36 , 1936/37 , 1943/44 , 1946/47 , 1947 / 48 , 1952/53 , 1956/57 , 1958/59 (record)
• Istanbul Cup:
  •   Winner ( 4 ): 1930, 1934, 1938, 1939 (record)
• Turkish Prime Minister Cup:
  •   Winner ( 8 ): 1945, 1946, 1950, 1973, 1980, 1989, 1993, 1998 (record)
• Ataturk Cup
  •   Winner ( 2 ): 1964, 1998 (record)
• TSYD Cup:
  •   Winner ( 12 ): 1969, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1994, 1995 (record)

As of January 28, 2019. Source: List of players on the club's official website

Summer 2017

Have come

Gone

* For rent.
** From rental.
*** Free agent

Fenerbahce has been playing their home games the whole history at the юкukru Sarajoglu stadium. The stadium was built in 1908 , but has since been renovated and expanded several times. Shukru Sarajoglu is different from most Turkish football stadiums in that it does not have treadmills. This allows the fans to sit very close to the field, which creates a particularly impressive atmosphere. The total capacity of the stadium is 50 509 seats.

On July 22, 1998, the stadium, which until then had the name Fenerbahce Stud, was named after the sixth Prime Minister of Turkey, Mehmet Sükrü Sarajoglu , who was also the president of Fenerbahçe for sixteen years (from 1934 to 1950).

In the 2008/2009 season, the arena was entrusted with the right to host the final UEFA Cup match , in which Shakhtar Donetsk won the main trophy in its history. After the UEFA Cup final in May 2009, a new reconstruction began - to add a retractable roof and increase the capacity of the stadium.

Fenerbahçe has a huge number of trophies compared to other clubs. The club has won many trophies in current tournaments and in a number of others that have been discontinued. During the Turkish War of Independence, Fenerbahçe played against many teams created by the occupation forces.

The museum moved from place to place several times during the history of the club. Only in the 21st century the museum was moved to the " Shyukru Sarajoglu ", opened on October 19, 2005 .

Player

• The largest number of games in official matches - Muzdat Etkiner - 763 matches.
• The best scorer in club history - Zeki Riza Sporel - 470 goals.
• The top scorer in the championship of Turkey - Aykut Kocaman - 140 goals.
• Most goals in one match: 8 , joint record -
  • Zeki Riesa Sporel, vs. Anadolu, 1931
  • Melikh Kotanka, against Topkapi, 1940
• Most goals in the Turkish Championship: 6 - Tanju олolak , against Karshiyak, 1992/93 season
• The best scorer in European competition - Alex - 15 goals.
• The greatest number of games in European competitions - Volkan Demirel - 86 matches.

Players with the most matches

Players with the most goals

According to the calculations of the audit company Deloitte , Fenerbahçe is the most profitable club in Turkey. The team’s revenues amount to 111.3 million euros ^[11] .

According to a new study by the Sport + Markt agency, as of February 2009, Fenerbahce, with 7.3 million fans, ranks seventeenth in popularity in Europe ^[12] .

Turkish fans, who are among the top three most aggressive fans in Europe , are waging a total war, both in the stadium and on city streets. Almost every game of Fenerbahce - Galatasaray is accompanied by massive brawls, fires and a bunch of torn seats in the fan sector. In the 80s, there was so much bloodshed on the main derby of Turkey that the country's football federation forbade the fans of these clubs to attend guest derby ^[13] .

On March 18, 2011, in a meeting of the 26th round of the Turkish Championship with Galatasaray , Fenerbahçe fans, together with Galatasaray fans, set a new achievement in terms of noise support at sports competitions. They made a noise reaching 131.76 decibels.

This indicator is the best result in terms of noise support in sports competitions. Representatives of the Guinness Book of Records recorded the achievement of fans.

Rivalry

Three large clubs in Istanbul - Besiktas , Galatasaray and Fenerbahce - have a centuries-long history of rivalry. The main sight for the Turks is the derby between Fenerbahce and Galatasaray - this is an important football event, almost all of Istanbul is going to see it.

The match between Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray is called the “ Intercontinental Derby ” ( tour. Kitalar Arasi ), and is considered one of the hottest confrontations not only in Europe but throughout the world. The first is based in the Asian part of the city, it is traditionally supported by poor people from working quarters, and the second in the European part, for which richer people with pro-European views are rooting.

In 1934, Fenerbahce and Galatasaray played one friendly match with foreign teams invited to Turkey . And in the third match, the teams came out in a mixed squad called “FenerSaray”. The mixed colors of the two teams - blue, yellow, and red were the colors of the uniforms of the football players of this team.

In the late 90s, Scottish coach Graham Sunness forever made his name in the history of the main Turkish derby. In the Turkish Cup final 1995/1996, his team defeated the implacable enemy and won the trophy. With happiness, the Scot took a giant flag and drove it right into the lawn in the center circle. The Galatasaray flag was stuck in the lawn of the Fenerbahçe home arena. Fans of the “lions” instantly nicknamed him in honor of the legendary Turkish military leader Hassan Ulubatli, hoisted the flag of Turkey in defeated Constantinople . But this event made the life of a Scot in Istanbul unbearable. A year later, he returned to England , where he led the Southampton .

In 2007, the match of the penultimate round of the Turkish championship between the already-champion Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray turned into a real pogrom. Fans of "jimbo" rioted in the arena and beyond. This derby has become the most destructive in history. 12 thousand seats were broken down and burned, the police detained more than 150 people, many of whom received prison sentences and long-term suspension from visiting favorite club matches, regardless of sport. If the police and special forces learned to cope with the manifestations of violence in the stands at the matches of the main teams of Fener and Jimbom, then this was not possible at the meeting of youth teams. In 2010, during the Turkish “Clasico” among players no older than 17 years old, fans of “Galatasaray” broke into the field and began to beat the guests' footballers. As a result, 13 players were injured.

In March 2011, the government took drastic measures to combat hooligans in stadiums. From now on, for the manifestation of racism, the fan faces six years in prison, and for trying to bring weapons to the arena - a year in places not so remote. A system of personalized tickets was also introduced.

• Official website (tour .)
• https://instagram.com/fenerbahce