Underground and underground [1] (from the English underground - underground, underground) - a set of creative trends in contemporary art ( music , literature , cinema , visual arts , etc.), opposed to popular culture , mainstream and official art. The underground includes informal, independent or censored forms and works of art. The border between the underground and the mainstream is always blurred, since many types and works of art that began as the underground have become popular and widespread over time [2] .
The underground is characterized by a break with the dominant ideology, ignoring stylistic and linguistic restrictions, rejection of generally accepted values, norms, social and artistic traditions, often shocking the public, rebellion [3] [4] . The underground rejects and often violates the social, political, moral and ethical orientations and stereotypes of behavior, introducing new patterns of behavior into everyday life. Typical topics of the American and European underground are “sexual revolution”, drugs, anti-religiosity, problems of marginalized groups.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 See also
- 3 notes
- 4 References
History
The term arose and began to be used in the second half of the 20th century . The underground included some types of rock music, such as extreme and avant-garde metal and grunge . The concept of “underground” from hip-hop can include Ji-funk and Gangsta rap . Often Latin - and African-Americans in poor areas gathered in small groups under bridges, in parks and old clubs for " coinage " and rap battles. Subsequently, underground "styles" came from such "parties", which later became very popular.
In the USSR, the underground acquired other forms. Due to official censorship, almost any unofficial art, that is, not recognized by the authorities, art, including music and literature, turned out to be underground and, trying to exist, was sometimes forced to create its own subculture . So independent book publications appeared - samizdat , underground distribution of music - magnetizat , unofficial concerts - apartment owners . In addition, a significant part of the Soviet underground was politicized, since any opposition in mass art was excluded due to the same censorship [2] .
In 1993, Yuri Shevchuk wrote the following:
And what is underground? If this is eternal lack of money, rehearsal in the basement, rejection of pop culture and another stupid politics, if it is a sincere love of music, if it is a search for new forms and unexpected solutions that can pose eternal questions more sharply, modern, more consonant with the era, then we there is an underground. And if the underground is endless hangouts, booze and drugs, another menagerie muttering slurredly about his problem between his legs, then to hell with it [5] .
With the advent of globalization, the Internet and social networks, the underground has become a more vague concept, since obvious barriers between performers and publishers have disappeared, and politicization has given way to consumption and advertising. What could be considered clandestine has become conservative, familiar and accessible. Thus, in the XXI century, underground can be called any thing that is not such, but attracts the attention of the audience [6] .
See also
- Indie culture
- Arthouse
- Counterculture
- Unofficial art of the USSR
Notes
- ↑ GRAMOTA.RU - reference and information Internet portal "Russian Language" | Dictionaries | Verification of the word . gramota.ru. Date of treatment January 27, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Alternative culture. Encyclopedia - M .: Ultra. The culture. D. Tenfold. 2005.
- ↑ Great Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2000
- ↑ Glossary.ru
- ↑ DDT: "Black Dog Petersburg." Interview taken from himself
- ↑ Arkhangelsk underground: alive or dead?
Links
- Underground - Big Russian Encyclopedia
- Compost - Youth subculture of the 1980s in the USSR