Nescherno ( Belorussian. Neshchard, Nyashcherda ) is a lake in the Rossonsky district of the Vitebsk region of Belarus , in the basin of the Drissa river. The coastline (50.18 km) is the longest among the country's lakes.
| Lake | |
| Nescherdo | |
|---|---|
| Belor. Nashchard, Nyashcherda | |
 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 147 m |
| Dimensions | 12.05 × 4.72 km |
| Square | 24.62 km² |
| Volume | 0.08472 km³ |
| Coastline | 50.18 km |
| Deepest | 8.1 m |
| Average depth | 3.4 m |
| Hydrology | |
| Salinity | 0.15 ‰ |
| Transparency | 0.7 m |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 145 km² |
| Flowing river | Atlayskaya |
| Flowing river | Nescherda |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Region | Vitebsk region |
| Area | Rossonsky District |
Surface area - 24.62 km². The volume of water is 0.08472 km³. [2] The catchment area is 145 km². [3]
Title
The name of the lake Nescherdo is of Baltic origin. It distinguishes the prefix "Ne-" (it is found in other hydronyms in the region - Nevezha, Neklea, Nedruzhno, etc., as well as in the Lithuanian hydronyms Nevėža, Nestrėvis, etc.) and the Baltic root skard -, which is connected with lit. skardis “steep slope, shore”, skardyti “cut, cut, peel” [4] .
Geographer V. Zhuchkevich proposed the Finnish version, based on the apparent harmony with the name of the Finnish tribe "Meshchera" in the depths of modern Russia. However, he did not explain in any way how such a migration of the name could take place. [five]
Description
The hollow of the dam-type lake is stretched from south to north and has a complex structure, as evidenced by the longest coastline among lakes in Belarus, as well as many bays and 3 islands [6] with a total area of 0.23 km². The shores are almost all over low, swampy and covered with shrubs; in separate sections of the southeastern and eastern parts - flooding. Moraine hills up to 10-15 m high are approaching the lake only in the north and south. [7]
The greatest depths of the lake are located in the center of both reaches, into which the lake is divided by a narrow isthmus. The greatest depth - 8.1 m - is located in the northern reaches, in the southern depths of up to 7 m. The coastal part of the bottom up to 200 m wide is covered with sand deposits, sometimes expanding to depths of 4-5 m. In the central part, the bottom of the lake is covered with sapropel . [7] Hydrological observations were first carried out in 1935.
Lake Nescherdo is eutrophic . 6 streams flow and the Atlayskaya river. From the lake flows the river Nescherda and the channel into the neighboring lake Mezhno. Neshcherdo is connected by streams and channels to the lakes Brodno, Krugloye, Dolgoe. [7]
The lake is located 15 km east of the urban village of Rasony . Near the lake are the villages of Gorbachevo, Golnitsa, Porechye, Muragi, Lyutkovo. Near the lake, through the village of Gorbachevo, the P132 highway passes, passing on the territory of Russia to the P133 highway.
In the village of Muragi, on the shore of the lake, the famous Belarusian and Polish poet Jan Barshchevsky was born. [3]
Plant World
The total area of lake overgrowth is small - 22%, which is explained by the low transparency of the water and narrow littoral. The main share in overgrowing is played by semi-submerged species, such as reeds , reeds , and aquatic manna . Vegetation with floating leaves is widespread in sheltered and shallow bays of the northern reaches. The width of the strip of coastal vegetation is 10–250 [6] m. The surrounding forests are rich in blueberries , lingonberries and cranberries , wild raspberries and blackberries , as well as mushrooms . [3]
Fauna
Ichthyofauna of a bream-pike perch lake. There are bream , pike perch , pike , roach , silver bream , eel , common carp , ide , rudd . The reservoir is periodically stocked. Industrial fishing is underway. There are many waterfowl on the islands and around the lake. [3]
Historical Information
Lake Nescherdo is mentioned in the Pskov annals in 1403.
“In the summer of 6911. Reveal the star of a tail in the western countries of the month of February, and the death of the month of March on a Palm Saturday. In the same month, the Germans expelled the Polotsky volost on the cross kissing, a lot of dirty work was fixed; and the guests of Pskov, having beaten on the lake, on Neshcherda, took away the goods, and the most of them were 9 men in the lake. ”
- Pskov First Chronicle (Tikhonovsky List), ll. 34ob., 35
See also
- Lakes of Belarus
- Yan Barshchevsky
Notes
- ↑ GeoNames - 2005.
- ↑ Morphometric parameters of the lakes of the Vitebsk region . Archived March 6, 2016. // Reference "Water bodies of the Republic of Belarus" . cricuwr.by . - Website of the Republican Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute for the Integrated Use of Water Resources" of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus. Date accessed September 24, 2018. Archived February 13, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ivanov-Smolensky V.G. Nescherdo // All lakes of Belarus. The popular illustrated encyclopedia. - 2012 .-- T. 4.
- ↑ Neshchard - God ў oslyadok unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment April 9, 2019. Archived on April 9, 2019.
- ↑ V.A. Zhuchkevich . A Brief Toponymic Dictionary of Belarus / Ed. L.F. Vernikovskaya . - Mn. : Publ. BSU, 1974. - S. 258. - 12,700 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 Belarus: Entsyklapedychny davadnіk / Redkal .: B. І. Sachanka і інш. - Mn. : BelEn, 1995 .-- 800 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 985-11-0026-9 . (belor.)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Belarus black book: Etsiklapedyya / redkal: N. A. Dzisko i insh. - Minsk: BelEn , 1994. - S. 269. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85700-133-1 . (belor.)
Literature
- Republic of Belarus. Atlas of the hunter and fisherman: Vitebsk region / Editor G. G. Naumenko . - Minsk, 2010 .-- S. 12, 13. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 978-985-508-136-5 .
- Enceclapedia prodrody Belarusі / Redkal .: І. P. Shamyakin (gal. Red.) І інш. - Mn. : BelSE , 1985. - T. 4. Nedalka - Staralit. - 599 s. - 10,000 copies. (belor.)
- O.F. Yakushko. Lakes of Belarus. - Mn. : Urajay, 1988 .-- 216 p.