"F. Litke ” [1] - a linear icebreaker of the Russian Arctic fleet. Named in honor of the Russian Arctic explorer, Admiral Fedor Petrovich Litke . Built in 1909 in the UK under the name "Canada", and later - "Earl Gray". The displacement of the vessel was 4850 tons. It was in operation until 1959 . During the First World War, the Russian government bought a ship to use for winter transportation of goods and the protection of the White Sea communications.
| "F. Litke » | |
|---|---|
| "Earl Gray" "Canada" "III International" SKR-18 | |
 Model of a ship in the Museum of the Murmansk Shipping Company | |
| Flag |    |
| Class and type of vessel | icebreaker |
| Manufacturer | Vickers (Vickers, Sons & Maxim) Barrow-in-Furness , UK |
| Launched | 1909 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | August 1958 |
| Status | scrapped 1960 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 4850 t. |
| Length | 80 m |
| Width | 16 m |
| Draft | 6 m |
| Power | 7000 h.p. |
| Speed | 17 knots |
In 1934, under the leadership of the expedition chief D. S. Duplitsky , captain N. M. Nikolaev and scientific adviser V. Yu. Wiese made the first through voyage of the Northern Sea Route from east to west in one navigation [2] [3] .
“Litke” did not crush the ice with the weight of the hull, but by blows of its sharp stem he made a crack in the ice and then wedged into it, expanding it to the required limits. In the terminology of the first half of the 20th century, such vessels were commonly called ice cutters [4] [5] .
At the end of the summer of 1941, Litke was armed with artillery and included in the created White Sea flotilla. In the winter of 1941 and in 1942 he cleared passages in the ice to Arkhangelsk for the Atlantic convoys.
Two expeditions of 1948 and 1955 were completely devoted to hydrographic studies of the Arctic seas. In 1955, Litke set a world record, reaching 83 ° 11 ', not reaching 440 nautical miles (810 km) to the North Pole, and then safely returning home. The 1955 expedition was also noteworthy for finding the deepest point of the Arctic Ocean, called the Litke Depression (5449 m), and drilling the ocean floor to collect geological samples.
Content
Memory
The collection of the Museum of the Navy stores individual items from the Litke icebreaker, as well as fragments of the interior of its wheelhouse. [6]
Notes
- ↑ Sergeev V. Ice Epic “F. Litke ”// Navy. - 1990. - No. 7 .
- ↑ Noting the heroic courage, courage and high organization of the entire personnel of the expedition and the Litke icebreaker team, shown at the end of one voyage through the Arctic Ocean from the Far East to the West by a Decree of the Presidium of the CEC and SNK of the USSR of November 5, 1934, a number of participants awarded orders, D. S. Duplitsky and N. M. Nikolaev awarded the Order of Lenin
- ↑ Earlier, the passage along the Northern Sea Route for one navigation was completed in 1932 on the icebreaker “Sibiryakov” by captain V.I. Voronin with V. Yu. Wise and O. Yu. Schmidt on board. However, the ship lost its course and the last part of the journey was towed.
- ↑ Ice cutter // Marine Encyclopedic Reference / Ed. N. N. Isanina . - Leningrad: Shipbuilding, 1987. - T. 1. - S. 387. - 512 p. - 30,000 copies.
- ↑ The exhibition of the Museum of the Navy "For good hope" opened on September 11 in Moscow // Marine News of Russia. 2017.11 September.
Links
- "F. Litke ”/“ III International ”/“ Canada ”/“ Earl Gray ”, ice cutter . Date of treatment February 21, 2011. Archived April 2, 2012.
- Ice cutter “F. Litke” (Arkhangelsk, 1935) . Date of treatment February 21, 2011. Archived April 2, 2012.
- Khomenko A. I. FEDOR LITKE (before November 1, 1914, "Earl Gray", until May 4, 1920, "Canada", and September 8, 1921, the Third International) . Date of treatment February 21, 2011. Archived on October 14, 2008.
Literature
- Seliverstov L. S. From Pomerania - to the ocean: notes of a sailor. - Murmansk: Prince. Publishing House, 2005. - ISBN 5-85510-293-9 .
- Seliverstov L. S. In the Arctic on sailboats and nuclear powered ships. - Murmansk: Prince. Publishing House, 2008 .-- 413 p. - ISBN 978-5-85510-319-9 .
- Miroshnichenko Pavel. Last navigation of the icebreaker "Fedor Litke". - Norilsk .: Apex, 2010 .-- 138 p. - ISBN 978-5-93633-083-4 .
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