Acacia senegal ( Latin Acacia senegal ) is a plant of the legume family ( Fabaceae ), a species of the genus Acacia that grows in North and Tropical Africa , on the Arabian Peninsula and in India , and cultivated within its range .
| Acacia Senegalese | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Botanical illustration from KΓΆhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen , 1887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Acacia senegal ( L. ) Willd. , 1806 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Distribution and Ecology
It grows in tropical Africa in Mozambique, Zambia, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Cultivated in India, Nigeria and Pakistan. [2]
It is found on dry stony hills, in low-lying dry savannahs and in arid regions with a rainfall level (250-360 mm). A hardy species that can survive in extremely adverse conditions of hot deserts, prefers low rainfall, does not tolerate cold. Settled from warm temperate regions through subtropical regions to tropical arid forest zones. It prefers an average annual temperature of 16.2β27.8 Β° C (average value of 23.8 Β° C) and a pH of 5.0β7.7 (with an average value of 6.4) [2] , or even at pH 7.4β 8.2 [3] .
Biological Description
A small tree or large shrub 5-6 m high. Young branches are equipped with triple bent hooks down with thorns.
Leaves alternate twice pinnate.
The flowers are white or yellow, collected in spike - shaped inflorescences .
Raw materials
The raw material is gum , called gum arabic, formed in the cortex near cambium. It is assembled from natural cracks or artificial cuts in the trunks . Under natural conditions, gum emerges when, after prolonged rains, drought immediately sets in and strong desert winds blow, causing the tree bark to crack. The collected gum arabic is whitened in the sun and sorted by color and size of the pieces. Higher grades of gum are yellowish brittle large, almost spherical pieces. The worst varieties are uneven, contaminated and more colored.
Usage
Gum arabic powder serves as an emulsifier in the preparation of oil emulsions. A solution of gum in water is used as a coating agent inside and in enemas .
Senegalese acacia leaves and bark contain DMT (dimethyltryptamine) and NMT (N-methyltryptamine).
Taxonomy
Acacia senegal ( L. ) Willd. , Species Plantarum . Editio quarta 4 (2): 1077 . 1806.
Synonyms
- Acacia circummarginata Chiov.
- Acacia cufodontii Chiov.
- Acacia oxyosprion Chiov.
- Acacia rupestris boiss.
- Acacia spinosa Marloth & Engl.
- Acacia Verek Guill. & Perr.
- Acacia volkii Suess.
- Mimosa senegal L.
- Senegalia senegal (L.) Britton
Varieties
Within the species, a number of varieties are distinguished [4] :
- Acacia senegal var. leiorhachis brenan
- Acacia senegal var. rostrata brenan
- Acacia senegal var. samoryana ( A.Chev. ) Roberty
- Acacia senegal subsp. trispinosa ( Stokes ) Roberty
Classification
Species Acacia Senegalese belongs to the genus Acacia of the tribe Acacieae of the subfamily Mimosa ( Mimosoideae ) of the family Leguminous ( Fabaceae ) of the order Leguminous ( Fabales ).
| 3 more families (according to APG II System ) | about 80 more births | |||||||||||||||
| beanaceous order | subfamily Mimosa | view Acacia Senegalese | ||||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Bean family | kind Acacia | ||||||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | 2 more subfamilies (according to APG II System ) | about 1300 more species | ||||||||||||||
Notes
- β For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- β 1 2 Duke, 1983 .
- β Cheema MSZA and Qadir SA Autecology of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (English) // Vegetatio. - 1973. - Vol. 27, no. 1-3 . - P. 131-162. - DOI : 10.1007 / BF02389344 .
- β According to the GRIN and TPL website (see plant card).
Literature
- Muravyova D.A. Tropical and subtropical medicinal plants. - M .: Medicine, 1983.- 336 p.
- James A. Duke. Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. // Handbook of Energy Crops. - Purdue University , Center for New Crops & Plants Products, 1983.
Links
- Acacia senegal (English) : Tropicos taxon information.
- World Agroforestry Center