Far North

In accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation, the regions of the Far North in which the system of benefits and compensations to residents is applied include:

• All islands of the Arctic Ocean and its seas, as well as the islands of the Bering and Okhotsk seas .
• Arkhangelsk Region - Nenets Autonomous District , the city of Severodvinsk ; areas: Leshukonsky , Mezensky , Pinezhsky , as well as the Solovetsky Islands .
• Irkutsk region - Katanga district .
• Kamchatka Territory .
• The Republic of Karelia - the city of Kostomuksha ; areas: Belomorsky , Kalevalsky , Kemsky , Loukhsky .
• Komi Republic - the cities of Vorkuta , Inta , Usinsk ; areas: Izhemsky , Pechora , Ust-Tsilemsky (except for the village of Ust-Lyzha, Usinsky urban district , equated to the Far North regions) .
• Krasnoyarsk Territory - cities: Igarka , Dudinka and Norilsk ; areas: North Yenisei , Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets , Turukhansk , Evenki .
• Magadan region .
• Murmansk region .
• Sakhalin Oblast - the city of Okha ; areas: Kuril , Nogliki , Okha , North Kuril , South Kuril .
• Tuva - areas (skin): Mongun-Taiginsky , Tojinsky ; Shynaan village administration of Kyzyl district .
• Tyumen Oblast - Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ; Beloyarsky and Berezovsky districts of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra ^[5]
• Khabarovsk Territory - Ayano-May and Okhotsk Regions .
• Chukotka Autonomous Okrug .
• Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) .

Some areas in the Russian Federation are legally equated to areas of the Far North ^[6] :

• Altai Republic - areas of Kosh-Agach and Ulagansky .
• Amur Region - cities: Zeya and Tynda ; areas: Zeysky , Selemdzhinsky and Tyndinsky .
• Arkhangelsk region - cities: Arkhangelsk , Kotlas , Koryazhma , Mirny , Novodvinsk , Onega ; areas: Velsky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vilegodsky , Vinogradovsky , Kargopolsky , Konoshsky , Kotlassky , Krasnoborsky , Lensky , Nyandomsky , Onega , Plesetskiy , Primorsky , Ustyansky , Kholmogorsky , Shenkursky .
• The Republic of Buryatia - areas: Barguzinsky , Bauntovsky Evenki , Kurumkansky , Muysky , Okinsky , North Baikal .
• Trans-Baikal Territory - areas: Kalarsky , Tungiro-Olekminsky , Tungokochensky .
• Irkutsk Region - cities: Bratsk , Bodaibo , Ust-Ilimsk , Ust-Kut ; areas: Bodaibo , Bratsk , Kazachinsko-Lensky , Kirensky , Mamsko-Chuysky , Nizhneilimsky , Ust-Ilimsky and Ust-Kutsky .
• Republic of Karelia - cities: Petrozavodsk , Sortavala ; areas: Kondopoga , Lahdenpohsky , Medvezhyegorsky , Muezersky , Olonetsky , Pitkyarantsky , Prionezhsky , Pryazhinsky , Pudozhsky , Segezhsky , Suoyarvsky .
• Komi Republic - cities: Syktyvkar , Pechora and Ukhta ; areas: Vuktylsky , Knyazhpogostsky , Koygorodsky , Kortkerossky , Priluzsky , Sosnogorsk , Syktyvdinsky , Sysolsky , Troitsko-Pechorsky , Ust-Vymsky , Udorsky , Ust-Kulomsky ; the village of Ust-Lyzha, Usinsky urban district .
• Krasnoyarsk Territory - the cities of Yeniseisk and Lesosibirsk ; areas: Boguchansky , Yenisei , Kezhemsky , Motyginsky .
• Perm Territory - Komi-Permyatsky District ; areas: Gaynsky , Kosinsky , Kochevsky .
• Primorsky Territory - areas: Dalnegorsky , Kavalerovsky , Olginsky and Terneysky ; urban-type village East of the Krasnoarmeysky district ; the villages of Boguslavets , Vostretsovo , Dalniy Kut , Izmailikh , Melnichny , Roshchino , Taiga and Youth of the Krasnoarmeysky district .
• Sakhalin Oblast - the city of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk urban district ; areas: Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky , Anivsky , Dolinsky , Korsakovsky , Makarovsky , Nevelsky , Poronaysky , Smirnykhovsky , Tomarinsky , Tymovsky , Uglegorsky , Kholmsky .
• Tomsk region - cities: Kolpashevo and Strezhevoy ; areas: Alexandrovsky , Bakcharsky , Verkhneketsky , Kargasoksky , Kolpashevsky , Krivosheinsky , Molchanovsky , Parabelsky , Teguldetsky , Chainsky .
• Republic of Tuva - the city of Kyzyl ; areas (skin): Bai-Taiginsky , Barun-Khemchiksky , Dzun-Khemchiksky , Kaa-Khemsky , Kyzylsky (except for the territory of the Shynaan rural administration belonging to the Far North) , Ovyursky , Piy-Khemsky , Sut-Kholsky , Tandinsky , Tes- Khemsky , Ulug-Khemsky , Chaa-Kholsky , Chedi-Kholsky , Erzinsky .
• Tyumen region - Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (except Beloyarsky and Beryozovsky districts belonging to the Far North) ; areas: Uvat .
• Khabarovsk Territory - areas: Vaninsky , Verkhnebureinsky , Komsomolsky , Nikolaev , named after Polina Osipenko , Sovetsko-Gavansky , Solnechny , Tuguro-Chumikansky ^[7] and Ulchi ; cities: Amursk , Komsomolsk-on-Amur , Nikolaevsk-on-Amur and Sovetskaya Gavan ; urban-type village of Elban, Amur region ; the villages of Achan , Juen , Voznesenskoye , Ommi , Padali of the Amur region .

In the Russian Federation, persons living and working in the regions of the Far North and equivalent localities are provided with state guarantees and compensation for reimbursement of additional material and physiological costs in connection with work and living in the extreme climatic conditions of the North. Currently, the system of benefits is regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation of February 19, 1993 No. 4520-1 “On State Guarantees and Compensations for Persons Working and Living in the Far North and Equated Locations” (with amendments and additions) ^[8] .

The system of benefits includes:

1. privileges enjoyed by all employees without exception, assigned by law to the number of persons working in the regions of the Far North and in areas equivalent to the regions of the Far North;
2. privileges enjoyed only by certain categories of workers.

The benefits of the first group include:

• monthly salary increases
• additional holidays
• Supplement to temporary disability benefit,
• benefits for state pensions,
• privileges for joining housing construction cooperatives.

Benefits that are provided only to certain categories of workers in the Far North include:

• increased compensation when moving to work;
• reimbursement of expenses for moving to the place of former residence upon termination of work in the Far North;
• lump-sum allowance upon renewal of the first labor contract for a new term;
• reservation of living space at the place of former residence;
• preferential calculation of seniority when assigning a pension. They are provided to workers who have arrived to work in the Far North and in areas equivalent to them, subject to the conclusion of labor contracts for work in these areas and areas for a period of 3 years (and on the islands of the Arctic Ocean - 2 years);
  • family members of these workers (wife, husband, children and parents) who entered the Far North with an employment contract for 3 or 2 years;
  • workers who arrived in the Far North and in the area, equated to them, in the order of public appeal and concluded fixed-term employment contracts.

Benefits are granted either from the moment of concluding an employment contract (for example, increased compensation for sending to work, booking a living space), or from the day of arrival at work (for example, social security benefits), or after a certain period of work in the Far North (for example, allowances) to wages, vacation).

• Additional holidays are provided for a duration of: in the Far North - 24 calendar days, in the areas equated to them - 16 calendar days, in the remaining areas of the North, where the district coefficient and the percentage increase in wages are established - 8 calendar days. Allowed to combine vacations, but not more than 2 years. Once every 2 years, travel time to the place of vacation use and back is not counted in the vacation period, and the fare is paid by the company.

It should be noted that district coefficients and other benefits on a territorial basis in the Russian Federation are established not only for the Far North and equivalent localities, but also in some other areas (for example, high mountains).

Benefits for civil servants working in areas with a harsh climate and other difficult conditions existed back in the Russian Empire (for example, preferential length of service).

In Soviet times, benefits for people working in the Far North were established in 1932 ^[9] .

During the Great Patriotic War, the benefits for the population of the Far North that existed at that time were canceled ^[10] . Benefits were restored in 1945 ^[11] , however, the number of regions of the Far North was significantly reduced, while the concept of localities equated to areas of the Far North was introduced. In equivalent areas, the benefits were the same as in the Far North, except for the duration of preferential holidays and the size of interest allowances ^[1] .

In the Far North of Russia, slightly more than 11.5 million people (8% of the population of Russia ^[12] ) live on an area of ​​about 12 million square kilometers (approximately 70% of the total territory of Russia), which gives a population density of 1 person / 1 sq. Km. km ^[13] . The indigenous population - the peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation, include both small (less than 50 thousand people) and larger ( Yakuts , Buryats , Tuvans , Komi , Karelians ). The indigenous population includes the descendants of Russian immigrants - Pomors , Russoustins , Yakutians , Kodchane and Markovites .

• Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of May 11, 1927 "On benefits for employees of state institutions and enterprises in remote areas of the USSR."
• Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of May 10, 1932 "On the entry into force of January 1, 1932 of the Regulation on benefits for people working in the Far North of the RSFSR."
• Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of November 18, 1945 "On the Approval of the List of Remote Areas Equated to the Far North Regions".
• Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 10, 1967, with corrections and additions.
• Federal Law No. 122 of August 22, 2004.

• The list of regions of the Far North and localities equivalent to the regions of the Far North, approved by the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 10, 1967, with corrections and additions.
• The list of regions of the Far North and areas equivalent to the regions of the Far North to which the Decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of February 10, 1960 and of September 26, 1967 on benefits for persons working in these areas apply.
• What areas are equated to areas of the Far North
• Pension provision of northerners