Tomopteridae (lat.) - a family of polychaete worms . Includes 60 species, combined into 2 genera. A very aberrant and monolithic family, highly specialized for life in plankton [1] .
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 Adult worm in the water column | ||||||||||||
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Content
Morphology
Tomopterids are completely transparent animals (sometimes with small dark glands and a slightly colored caudal appendage), deprived of bristles and having a length of 5 mm to 5 cm.
The prostomium is fused with a subsequent segment that carries two pairs of palps - one small and the second very long, often exceeding the body of the worm (without caudal appendage) in length; these "whiskers" [2] carry a long bristle within themselves and are a characteristic feature of this family. The base of the "mustache" is followed by a relatively thin "neck". Parapodia are bifurcated, have a massive trunk and small, pointed branches of equal length, whose tips are directed inward and slightly extend one after another. The branches are framed by fins , or pinnulas containing chromophilic, hyaline , rosette, and spur glands (the latter, like chromophilic ones, are well stained with hematoxylin [1] ). The body ends with a caudal appendage, on which vestigial parapodia are distinguishable.
Biology
Predators eating hetognat , shellfish , fish fry . They live in surface waters. Cosmopolitans. Diclinous. Gonads ripen in the posterior parapodia. Tomopterids have unique sperm with two tails [3] . Perhaps internal fertilization ( Vejdovsky , 1878 by Pleijel & Rouse, 2001). Closely related to phyllodocides .
Tomopterids in the fossil record
In the Cambrian deposits of South Australia , well-preserved prints of polychaetes were found that resemble modern tomopterids in appearance [1] . Remains of tomopterids were also found in the coal deposits of Scotland [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Ushakov, P.V. Fauna of the USSR. Polychaete worms. - L .: Nauka, 1972.- 237 p.
- ↑ Ushakov, P.V. Batipelagic and deep-water forms of polychaete worms (Polychaeta) from the Kamchatka waters of the Pacific Ocean. - Studies of the Far Eastern seas. - L .: Nauka, 1952. - T. 3. - S. 103-122.
- ↑ Pleijel F, Rouse G. Polychaetes. - Oxford: Oxford University, 2001 .-- 345 p.
- ↑ Briggs DE G, Clarkson ENK The first tomopterid, a polychaete from Carboniferous of Scotland // Lethaia. - 1987. - T. 20 , No. 3 . - S. 257-262 .
Literature
- Ushakov, P.V. Fauna of the USSR. Polychaete worms. - L .: Nauka, 1972.- 237 p.
- Ushakov, P.V. Polychaete worms of the Far Eastern seas of the USSR (Polychaeta). - L .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1955 .-- 445 p.
- Pakhomov E.A. Daily vertical migrations of Antarctic macroplankton: Salpidae, Ctenophora, Siphonophora, Chaetognatha, Polychaeta, Pteropoda // Oceanology. - 1993. - T. 3 , No. 4 . - S. 587-588 .
- Table N. Pelagic polychaetes of the Soviet Antarctic expeditions // Studies of the fauna of the seas. - 1968. - T. 6 , No. 14 . - S. 25-34 .
- Ushakov P.V. Batipelagic and deep-water forms of polychaeta worms (Polychaeta) from the Kamchatka waters of the Pacific Ocean // Studies of the Far Eastern Seas. - 1952. - T. 3 . - S. 103-112 .
- Ushakov P.V. To the fauna of pelagic polychaete worms (Polychaeta) in the northwestern Pacific Ocean // Studies of the Far Eastern Seas. - 1957.- T. 4 . - S. 267-290 .
- Bartolomaeus T. Structure and development of the nephridia of Tomopteris helgolandica (Annelida) // Zoomorphology. - 1993 .-- T. 117 . - S. 1-11 .
- Briggs DE G, Clarkson ENK The first tomopterid, a polychaete from Carboniferous of Scotland // Lethaia. - 1987. - T. 20 , No. 3 . - S. 257-262 .
- Dales RD Pelagic polychaetes of the Pacific Ocean // Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanology of the University of California. - 1957.- T. 7 . - S. 99-168 .
- Halanych K. M, Cox L. N, Struck TH A brief review of holopelagic annelids // Integrative and comparative biology advance. - 2007.
- Pleijel F, Rouse G. Polychaetes. - Oxford: Oxford University, 2001 .-- 345 p.