Sextus Julius Frontin ( Latin: Sextus Julius Frontinus ; approx. 30 years - 103 years ) - an ancient Roman politician, commander and writer.
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Content
Biography
Little is known about Frontin’s birth and early years. He was born at about 30 years old, presumably in Narbonne (modern Narbonne ) in the family of a provincial aristocrat. His youth and maturity fell on a very stormy period in the history of Rome - suffice it to say that he found the terror of Caligula , the reign of Nero and the ensuing civil war.
In 58 - 64 years, the Roman army under the command of Gnei Domitius Corbulon conducted military operations in Armenia. Frontin served there as the commander of one of the cavalry detachments. Subsequently, he included living examples of this war in his essay Strategema.
During the reign of Galba, he received the rank of senator, in 70 , under Vespasian, he took the position of urban praetor of Rome. In 73 he became consul , in 74 he was sent as a legate (governor) to the province of Britain . As a legate, he achieved considerable success, in particular, defeated the Silurs [4] . In 78, he was replaced by the governor Agricola . In 86–87, Frontin was appointed proconsul of Asia Minor. Thanks to his efforts, a water supply and sewage system was built in the city of Hierapolis , and grateful residents called the northern entrance to the city the gates of Frontin.
In 97, the new emperor Nerva appointed Frontin the overseer of the city's aqueduct of Rome. This was a completely unfamiliar area for Frontin, but he not only deeply delved into his new responsibilities, but also wrote a book about it.
In 100, he was an ordinary consul along with Trajan . In the last years of his life he became augur priest [5] , he died in 103 .
Legacy
Throughout his life, Frontin wrote several books, of which only two have come to us - “On Roman Water Pipes” ( lat. De aquis urbis Romae ) and “Strategies” or “Military Tricks” ( lat. Strategemata ).
Having become the caretaker of Roman water pipelines, Frontin decided that he should not only maintain the functioning of the system, but also organize all the information about it, including the history of its origin, in order to facilitate the work of his successors. [6]
Frontin's work “Strategies” is an ordered collection of tactical and psychological techniques used in specific cases by ancient and modern rulers and military leaders. Moreover, these methods were not thought out in advance during strategic planning, but were applied due to unexpected circumstances that arose in order to avoid them or even wrap oneself up for oneself.
The time of writing "Military Tricks" can be dated to the era of Domitian, or more precisely - between 84-88. Before the indicated date, they simply could not be written, since in 83/84. the Hutts are conquered by Domitian, mentioned by Frontin. None of the events since 88 has been included by Fronton in Strategies.
Translations
Frontin's work “On Cases of the Military” was first translated into Russian by Karion Istomin (from the Polish translation of 1609 by Y. Tsiletsy) and in 1693 brought to Peter I , speaking about his use for the commander [7] .
- Information about Scythia and the Caucasus // VDI . 1949. No. 3. P. 233-234.
- Frontin, Sextus Julius . Military Tricks (Strategies) . Per. A. B. Ranovich // VDI . 1946. No. 1.
- Frontin, Sextus Julius . Military Tricks (Strategies) / Per. A. B. Ranovich; Entry Art. and comm. A.A. Novikova. St. Petersburg: Aletheia , 1996 . 224 p. 3000 copies (Series "Antique Library. Section" Antique History ").
- Sextus Julius Frontin . About the water supply systems of the city of Rome . Translation, introductory article and comments by I. P. Rushkin. // Aristei XI (2015), pp. 106-159.
- In the series The Loeb classical library (1925, no. 174), translations are published:
- In the Collection Budé Series: Frontin . Les Aqueducs de la ville de Rome. Texte établi, traduit et commenté par P. Grimal. XXII, 176 p.
Research
- A.A. Novikov. Sextus Julius Frontin: life, era, ideas .
- Burov A.S. 1997: On the right to conduct and protect water in Ancient Rome (according to the treatise of the Frontin De aquis urbis Romae) // IVS ANTIQVVM. Ancient Law . 1, 56-59.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118536443 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Record # 12174476c // general catalog of the National Library of France
- ↑ Tacitus . Biography of Julius Agricola. 17.
- ↑ Pliny the Younger . Letters. IV. eight.
- ↑ Sergeenko M.E. The life of ancient Rome . - SPb. : Summer Garden , 2000 .-- 368 p.
- ↑ Dictionary of scribes and books of Ancient Russia . Vol. 3. Part 2. St. Petersburg, 1993. S. 151; History of Russian translated fiction. Ancient Russia. XVIII century. T. 1. Prose. St. Petersburg, 1995.S. 66.
Links
- Latin texts (including grammar compositions)
- Sextus Julius Frontin. Military tricks .