César , real name and surname César Baldaccini ( César Baldaccini , January 1, 1921 , Marseille , France - December 6, 1998 , Paris , France ) - French sculptor . The most famous Cesar brought the work of scrap metal , in the 1960s, he received worldwide recognition thanks to the sculptures from the skeleton of the broken machines. The artist used his name as a creative pseudonym. In honor of Cesar Baldaccini was named the French film award Cesar .
Cesar | |
---|---|
Birth name | Cesar Baldaccini |
Date of Birth | January 1, 1921 |
Place of Birth | Marseille , France |
Date of death | December 6, 1998 (77 years) |
Place of death | Paris , France |
A country | |
Genre | sculpture |
Study | |
Style | new realism |
Awards | Imperial Prize |
Content
Biography
Cesar Baldaccini was born in Marseille on January 1, 1921 . Cesar's parents were Italian immigrants , his father was a barrel and a vintner. In 1933, he dropped out of school, in 1935 - 1943 he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Marseille (evening classes), then from 1941 to 1954 (with interruptions) at the National School of Fine Arts in Paris . In 1956, Cesar took part in the Venice Biennale , then in the Biennale of São Paulo, as well as in Document II in 1959 . In 1960, Cesar joined the New Realism association created by Pierre Restany (the group also included such artists as Jean Tingley , Yves Klein , Hristo, and others). The multifaceted work of the artist found international recognition during his lifetime. Having become famous, Cesar led a rather extravagant life, in 1971 only Salvador Dali, the master of the provocation, attracted more attention of the French press than Baldaccini. In 1976, Cesar was awarded the Legion of Honor. Cesar Baldaccini died on December 6, 1998 in Paris . He was buried in the cemetery of Montparnasse, station 11, near the grave of Julio Cortazar.
Creativity
Scrap Metal Works
At the beginning of his creative career (from 1953 ), Cesar Baldaccini created a sculpture from scrap metal, connecting the pieces with a welding machine. In these works one can trace the influence of Picasso and Richier. These sculptures differed in a variety of forms and textures, the properties of scrap metal were not masked, but on the contrary, they were actively used.
Compressions
From 1958 Baldaccini began to use the compression technique, which consisted in the fact that the artist placed various objects under the hydraulic press or forge hammer, including old cars. The most monumental work of such a plan was a wall of pressed cars, shown at the Venice Biennale in 1995 in the French pavilion (the weight of the work was 520 tons). In the 1980s , Cesar created compressions from expensive materials — crushed Cartier watches and jewelry; he also created sketches of new jewelry based on debris. The artist is the author of the gold prize for achievements in the French cinema - "Cesar", named in his honor. For the Cartier Foundation in 1986, Cesar made a monumental compression of 16 rally cars - Champions .
Expansion
From the late 1960s , Cesar began to create opposing expansions of expansion , connecting sculpture and happening . The artist, in the presence of the public, poured polyurethane foam on the floor of the gallery or museum, which froze in various forms. One of the first expansion was presented in May 1967 at the Salon in Paris. To some works, Cesar used fire, making changes to smooth, shiny forms with a torch, calling it "combustions."
Augmentations
The technique of increasing the sculptural models using a pantograph prompted Cesar to the idea of copying body parts (the artist called these enlarged copies “augmentations”).
In 1965, he presented at the exhibition in the gallery his famous Pouce - an enlarged copy of the thumb (1.85 meters in height). During the Olympic Games in Seoul ( 1988 ), Cesar cast this bronze sculpture (this time the finger was 6 meters high). Later, two more six-meter bronze fingers were cast. One of these sculptures was installed as a monument in the Paris district of La Défense ( 1984 ), in 2007 it was sold at auction for 1,219,000 euros. The third “Finger” is located in Marseille , the artist’s hometown.
Cesar also created a monumental sculpture Fist ("Fist"), weighing 7 tons, made of stainless steel, installed in the summer of 1970 .
Centaure
Reaching almost five meters in height, the sculpture of Cesar Le Centaure (centaur) is a bearded centaur cast in bronze with two sets of genitals (human in front and horse in the back). The creature looks quite aggressive, despite the pigeon in its left hand. Created by order of the Ministry of Culture in 1983 and installed on a square in Paris in 1985 , the sculpture was conceived as a tribute to Picasso . Cesar was friends with Picasso , who lived most of his life in Paris .
Documentary films
- 2017 - Sculptor César: Art and Material / Le sculpteur César: l'art et la matière (dir. Sandra Pogan / Sandra Paugam)
Sources
- Millet C. Contemporary Art of France. - Minsk: Propylaea, 1995. - 336 p. - ISBN 985-6329-01-9 .
- Busev M.A. Creativity of the sculptor Cesar (1921-1998) // Western art. XX century. Masters and problems. - M .: Science, 2000. - 287 p. - ISBN 5-02-011727-7 .
- César par César. Presenté par Pierre Cabanne. Paris, 1971
- Restany P. César. Monte Carlo, 1975
- Hachet J.-Ch. César ou les Métamorphoses d'un grand art. Paris, 1989
- César: Catalog de l'exposition. Paris, Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, 1997
Links
- About Cesar Baldaccini Yandex. Dictionaries (Krugosvet) (inaccessible link) (inaccessible link from 14-06-2016 [1147 days])
- About Cesar Baldaccini Yandex. Dictionaries (European art) (not available link) (not available link from 14-06-2016 [1147 days])
- Michelangelo scrap metal (inaccessible link)
- The sculptor Cesar preferred compressed forms
- Falshaki under the brand name Cesar
- Works and biography of the artist on ArtNet
- Works and information about the artist on the site Art Gallery Michelle Champetier
- Artfacts
- Works of Baldaccini in the Tate collection