Means of individualization

Means of individualization - a designation that serves to distinguish between goods, services, enterprises, organizations and other objects in the sphere of economic turnover.

Content

1 Characteristic
2 Types
3 Regulation
- 3.1 Russia
  - 3.1.1 Domain name as a means of individualization
4 notes

Feature

Individualization means may be the subject of a transaction , in particular, rights to use some individualization means may be transferred under a license agreement .

Views

The means of individualization in different countries usually include:

company name , name of non-profit organization,
trademark , service mark,
commercial designation
appellation of origin
domain name
and other designations.

Regulation

Russia

In Russia, means of individualization are equated by law (Part 4 of the Civil Code ^[1] ) with the results of intellectual activity, for which the exclusive intellectual property right is established.

Domain name as a means of individualization

In accordance with sub. 5 p. 2 Article 1484 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation ^{[1] the} use of a trademark in a domain name is considered to be part of the exclusive right to a trademark . However, a number of Russian jurists prior to the adoption of the fourth part of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation considered a domain name as an independent means of individualization ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] . M. S. Azarov believes that now "a domain name is a means of individualization, not provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, but legally permissible" ^[6] .

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Civil Code of the Russian Federation . Part Four of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ // Russian Newspaper . - 2006. - No. 289. - December 22, 2006. (since last rev. and add.)
↑ Kalyatin V.O. The problem of conflict of rights to domain names with rights to other means of individualization // Legal World. - 2001. - No. 5. - S. 19-28.
↑ German Yu. L. A New Object of Intellectual Property Law // Economy and Law. - 2001. - No. 5. - S. 18-29.
↑ Trofimenko A. Domain names as a special kind of objects of informational nature // Russian Justice. - 2003. - No. 2. - S. 60-61.
↑ General questions: domain names as means of individualization // Velikomyslov Yu. Ya., Ravlik A.V. Handbook for the protection of your rights on the Internet // Allpravo.Ru. - 2005.
↑ Azarov M. S. Domain names in the structure of civil and information law Archived copy of November 6, 2010 on the Wayback Machine // Information Law. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 14-17.

[gk4-1] ¹ ² Civil Code of the Russian Federation . Part Four of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ // Russian Newspaper . - 2006. - No. 289. - December 22, 2006. (since last rev. and add.)

[2] Kalyatin V.O. The problem of conflict of rights to domain names with rights to other means of individualization // Legal World. - 2001. - No. 5. - S. 19-28.

[3] German Yu. L. A New Object of Intellectual Property Law // Economy and Law. - 2001. - No. 5. - S. 18-29.

[4] Trofimenko A. Domain names as a special kind of objects of informational nature // Russian Justice. - 2003. - No. 2. - S. 60-61.

[5] General questions: domain names as means of individualization // Velikomyslov Yu. Ya., Ravlik A.V. Handbook for the protection of your rights on the Internet // Allpravo.Ru. - 2005.

[6] Azarov M. S. Domain names in the structure of civil and information law Archived copy of November 6, 2010 on the Wayback Machine // Information Law. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 14-17.