Maurice Halbwax (more correctly: Albwax ) ( fr. Maurice Halbwachs , March 11, 1877 , Reims - March 16, 1945 , Buchenwald ) - French philosopher , sociologist , social psychologist , representative of the sociological school of Durkheim , founder of scientific research of historical collective memory. Supporter of socialism J. Zhores .
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| Awards and prizes | [d] ( 1925 ) |
Content
Biography
From a family of Alsatian-German descent, the son of a lyceum teacher of German. He studied at Ekol Normal ( 1898 - 1901 ). In 1904 and 1909 he traveled to Germany, where he participated in the cataloging of Leibniz's works, and then studied economics and Marxism.
He taught at the lyceums of Reims, Tours , Nancy , in 1918 - 1919 - in Caen , in 1919 - 1935 - in Strasbourg . In 1930 - visiting professor at the University of Chicago . In 1935 he received a chair at the Sorbonne . President of the French Sociological Society ( 1938 ), Vice President of the Psychological Society ( 1943 ). In May 1944 he was elected head of the Department of Collective Psychology at the College de France .
A supporter of the ideas of humanism and socialism, Halbwax was an active opponent of anti-Semitism . After the brutal murder of the parents of his wife (who was of Jewish descent), he urgently requires a formal investigation from the authorities of occupied France. In July 1944, Halbwax was arrested by the Gestapo on charges of granting asylum to his stepfather, a member of the Resistance movement, imprisoned, and then deported to Buchenwald, where he died from dysentery [4] .
Scientific Interests
Halbwax dealt with the problems of demography and stratification, spatial settlement and social morphology, but he is most famous for the works on collective memory that began back in the 1920s, in which he synthesized Durkheim's ideas about collective representations with the philosophy of the time from Bergson and which have gained wide recognition in recent decades XX - early XXI centuries. These works have been translated into many European languages. They were developed in the writings of philosophers, sociologists, historians - P. Ricoeur , J. Assman and others.
Scientific Papers
- Leibniz ( 1907 , reprint. 1928 )
- La classe ouvrière et les niveaux de vie ( 1913 )
- Les origines du sentiment religieux d'après Durkheim ( 1925 )
- Les Cadres sociaux de la mémoire (1925)
- La Population et les tracés de voies à Paris depuis cent ans ( 1928 )
- Les Causes du suicide ( 1930 )
- Morphologie sociale (1930)
- Sociologie économique et démographique ( 1940 )
- La Topographie légendaire des Évangiles en Terre Sainte; étude de mémoire collective ( 1941 )
- Les classes sociales ( 1942 )
- La Mémoire collective ( 1950 )
Translations into Russian
- The emergence of religious feelings according to Durkheim // The origin of religion in the understanding of bourgeois scholars. M .: Moscow Worker , 1932
- Social classes and morphology. St. Petersburg: Aletheya , 2000
- Collective and historical memory
- Social framework of memory / Per. with fr. and entry. article by S. N. Zenkin . M .: New Publishing House, 2007
Recognition
- Order of the Legion of Honor .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Committee of Historical and Scientific Works - 1834.
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 121749843 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Routledge Encyclopedia of Modern French Thought, CJ Murray ed., Taylor & Francis Books Inc, NY, London, 2004, pp 285-287
Literature
- in Russian
- Hoffmann A. Halbwax, Maurice // Modern Western Sociology: Dictionary. - M .: Politizdat , 1990 .-- 386 p.
- Halbwax, Maurice / Hoffman A. B. // Uland - Khvattsov. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2017. - P. 734. - ( Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 33). - ISBN 978-5-85270-370-5 .
- Frumkina R. M. The relevance of Maurice Halbwax // Polit.ru , 01/18/2008
- in other languages
- Baudelot C., Establet R. Maurice Halbwachs: consommation et société. Paris: PUF, 1994
- Baudelot C., Jaisson M. Maurice Halbwachs, sociologue retrouvé. Paris: Éditions Rue d'Ulm, 2007
- Becker A. Maurice Halbwachs: un intellectuel en guerres mondiales 1914-1945. Paris: Viénot, 2003
- Deloye Y., Haroche C. Maurice Halbwachs: espaces, memoire et psychologie collective. Paris: Publ. de la Sorbonne, 2004
- Echterhoff G., Saar M., Assmann J. Kontexte und Kulturen des Erinnerns: Maurice Halbwachs und das Paradigma des kollektiven Gedächtnisses. Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, 2002
- Egger S., Ohnacker J. Maurice Halbwachs, Aspekte des Werks. Konstanz: UVK, 2003
- Erinnerung und Gesellschaft: hommage à Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945) / Hermann Krapoth, Hrsg. Wiesbaden: Verl. für Sozialwiss. 2005
- Jaisson M. ea Maurice Halbwachs et les sciences de son temps. Villeneuve d'Ascq: Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1999
- Lepenies W. Deutsch-französische Kulturkriege: Maurice Halbwachs in Berlin. Berlin: WZB, 2004
- Maurice Halbwachs, 1877-1945 / Christian de Montlibert, ed. Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 1997
- Maurice Halbwachs: le temps, la mémoire et l'émotion / Sous la dir. de Bruno Péquignot. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2007
- Marcel J.-C. Mémoire et connaissance chez Maurice Halbwachs. Paris: Center de recherches sociologiques, 2000
- Montigny G. Maurice Halbwachs: Vie, oeuvre, concepts. Paris: Ellipses, 2005
- Namer G. Halbwachs et la mémoire sociale. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000