Muskhelishvili, Nikolai Ivanovich

Born February 16, 1891 in Tiflis in the family of a military engineer Ivan Levanovich Muskhelishvili. He graduated from the 2nd Tiflis Gymnasium (1909), in 1914 - the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Petrograd University ; left at the university to prepare for professorship. From 1915 to 1920, Nikolai Ivanovich taught higher mathematics and mechanics at the university and other universities of Petrograd. The first scientific work was published in 1915.

In 1920 he returned to Tbilisi; taught at the University of Tbilisi and the Georgian Polytechnic Institute (professor since 1922). In 1933 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and in 1939 - a full member of the academy.

The merits of N.I. Muskhelishvili include the education of young scientific personnel and the creation of scientific institutions and higher educational institutions, the creation of a strong school of mathematicians in Tbilisi (the outstanding mathematician I.N. Vekua is a student of Nikolai Ivanovich). On his initiative, the Mathematical Institute named after A. M. Razmadze of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR was created. He oversaw the construction of the Tbilisi Academic Town ^[1]

Since 1934, he also collaborated at the Mathematical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , a senior specialist.

N. I. Muskhelishvili is one of the founders of the Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences . The first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR (from February 10, 1941 to May 3, 1972). Then, until the end of his life, he was the Honorary President of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR .

He became the first chairman and for 20 years headed the USSR National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (it was established by a resolution of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences on 08.31.1956 in connection with the expansion of international scientific contacts allowed by the USSR Government). He was a member of many foreign academies, scientific institutions and societies. Member of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 1-8th convocations. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia. He was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR ^[2] .

He died on July 15, 1976 in Tbilisi . He was buried in the Pantheon on Mount Mtatsminda , where the graves of prominent figures of Georgia are located.

The name of Muskhelishvili is Kutaisi Polytechnic Institute .

The first scientific work was published in 1915 (together with G.V. Kolosov ) "On the equilibrium of elastic circular disks."

Scientific studies N. I. Muskhelishvili belong to the sections of mathematics and mechanics - the theory of elasticity , integral equations , boundary problems of the theory of functions and others; they also gave solutions to problems that are found in many technical issues ( material resistance , strength calculations). The work was of practical importance in the production of weapons and ammunition. Most of the scientific works are devoted to the problems of the plane static theory of elasticity. In the works of N.I. Muskhelishvili and his students all the most important problems of the plane problem in the static case were solved. The methods created by N. I. Muskhelishvili, which are based on the apparatus of the theory of functions of a complex variable, have found application in a number of other problems of mathematical physics and the theory of partial differential equations . A number of works by N. I. Muskhelishvili are devoted to the problems of torsion and bending of rods, torsion and bending of composite bars. These studies were further developed in the work of his students on the nonlinear theory of elasticity.

The monographs “Some Basic Tasks of the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity” (Stalin Prize of the first degree for the second edition in 1941), “Singular Equations” were reprinted many times, translated into foreign languages.

• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1941)
• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1947)
• Grand Gold Medal named after M.V. Lomonosov (1972)
• Title of Hero of Socialist Labor (06/10/1945).
• He was awarded 6 Orders of Lenin (02.22.1941 ^[3] , 06/10/1945, 09/19/1953, 02/16/1961, 02/04/1966, 09/17/1975), Order of the October Revolution (07/20/1971), Order of the Red Banner of Labor (4/11/1944 ) ^[4] , as well as the medals "For Labor Valor" (August 29, 1960), "For the Defense of the Caucasus" (1944), and other USSR medals.
• Laureate of the international prize named after Modesto Panetti (Italy).

Tbilisi, 19 Chavchavadze Avenue .

• Muskhelishvili, Nikolai Ivanovich (Russian) . The site " Heroes of the country ."
• Profile of Nikolai Ivanovich Muskhelishvili on the official website of the RAS
• Article on the MIAN website
• Historical background on the site of the Archives of RAS
• Keldysh M. V. , Sobolev S. L. Nikolai Ivanovich Muskhelishvili (on his sixtieth birthday) // Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk , 1951, Volume 6, Issue 2 (42).
• Nikolai Ivanovich Muskhelishvili (on his eightieth birthday) // Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, 1972, Volume 27, Issue 4 (166).
• Mikhailov G.K. 100th Birth Anniversary of Academician N.I. Muskhelishvili