CRUD

CRUD is an acronym for four basic functions used when working with databases ^[1] : create ( Eng. Create ), read ( read ), modification ( update ), delete ( delete ). Introduced by James Martin in 1983 ^[2] as a standard classification of data manipulation functions.

In SQL, these functions correspond to the operations of the operators Insert (create records), Select (read records), Update (edit records), Delete (delete records). In some CASE- tools specialized CRUD-matrices or CRUD-diagrams were used, in which for each entity it was indicated what basic functions with this entity this or that process or this or that role performs. On systems that access the database through the REST -style API , these functions are often (but not necessarily) implemented through the HTTP methods POST , GET , PUT, and DELETE, respectively.

Although traditionally CRUD-style operations are applied to databases, this approach can be extended to any stored computing entities ( files , structures in memory, objects). The ActiveRecord design pattern ensures that CRUD functions conform to the object-oriented approach , and is widely used in various frameworks to access databases from object-oriented programming languages .