John Kenneth Galbraith ( Eng. John Kenneth Galbraith ; October 15, 1908 , Aion Station, Canada - April 29, 2006 ) - American economist , representative of the old ( Veblensky ) institutional and Keynesian currents, one of the prominent economists of the XX century.
Galbraith, John Kenneth | ||||
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John Kenneth Galbraith | ||||
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Place of Birth | Ion Station | |||
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Scientific field | economy | |||
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He taught at the University of California, Harvard and Princeton . President of the American Economic Association in 1972. Laureate of the Frank Seidman Prize (1975), Veblen-Commons (1976), V. Leontiev (2000). Foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1988).
Content
Biography
Born October 15, 1908 in Iona Station , Ontario ( Canada ). He graduated from the University of Toronto . In 1937 he became a US citizen.
During the Second World War, he worked in the Prices Committee. He was a professor of economics at Harvard (1949-75). He served as ambassador to India (1961-63).
He was an advisor to President John F. Kennedy and Democratic candidates Adlai Stevenson , Eugene McCarthy and George McGovern . He was an adviser to President Bill Clinton .
Since December 27, 1988 a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Department of Problems of the World Economy and International Relations. In 1993 he was awarded the gold medal to them. MV Lomonosov for outstanding achievements in the field of economic and social sciences. Twice Cavalier of the Presidential Medal of Freedom : in 1946 , was awarded by US President G. Truman , and in 2000 awarded by US President Clinton .
The son is the economist James K. Galbraith .
John Kenneth Galbraith died April 29, 2006 at the age of 97 years at Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge (pc. Mass., USA).
Ideas
John Galbraith criticized the view that forces in the economic market are in a state of free competition. He believed that the " consumer society " is developing an economic imbalance, directing too many resources to the production of consumer goods and not enough - to public needs and infrastructure. Galbraith also criticized the opinion put forward by the advocates of monetarism that government spending is not capable of reducing unemployment. His approach to the development of the public sector was in agreement with the economics of Keynes . In his book The Society of Abundance (The Affluent Society, 1958), he documented the tendency of free-market capitalism to create private splendor and at the same time public poverty. He firmly believed in the role of government in economic planning. He argued that the motivation of large corporations depends on the influence of the “technostructure” or departmental management, and such corporations are driven by the desire for security and expansion, rather than the pursuit of maximum profit. Advertising seemed to him in part as an important means of achieving power in the market and consolidating expansion. On the other hand, corporations are held back by the “balancing force” of other firms, labor unions, consumer groups and governments. He also believed that in the modern economy, women have become a class of hidden servants.
In his book, Economic Theory and the Goals of Society, J. K. Galbraith noted that the corporations managed by the technostructure constitute the planning subsystem of the economy, and small firms the market subsystem. In this case, the planning subsystem exploits the market, generating inequality in profit. J. K. Galbraith believed that the technostructure also occupied the leading positions in the economy of the USSR, which ultimately should have led to the evolutionary convergence of the market and planned economic systems. In this book, he introduced the category of "self-exploitation" - as he called the activities of the employer or the entrepreneur working in his company.
Few modern economists can boast such a successful and diverse career as John Galbraith. In the seventies, when the future of mankind began to look in gloomy tones, Galbraith paid tribute to futurology , becoming together with Z. Brzezinski , E. Toffler and J. Fourastie one of the founders of the " Rome Club " - an organization that took up the perspective and planning the development of modern civilization.
In his latest book, The Economics of an Innocent Deception, published February 26, 2004, he questioned a number of generally accepted theses on which modern economic theory stands. According to Galbraith, the distinction between the “private” and “public” sectors of the economy is for the most part an invention, not a reality. He also expressed doubt that shareholders and directors really play a prominent role in the management of a modern company. Galbraith criticized the US Federal Reserve , saying that its real achievements were much more modest than it was written about. And finally, he was a well-known dissident who sharply criticized his country's policies, including the US war in Vietnam and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118537199 // Common Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/obituaries/30galbraith.html
Literature
List of Works
- “American capitalism” (American Capitalism, 1952),
- Galbraith, J.C. The Great Crash of 1929 = The Great Crash, 1929 (1954). - Minsk: Potpourri, 2009. - 256 p. - ISBN 978-985-15-0779-1 .
- “The Society of Plenty” (The Affluent Society, 1958),
- Galbraith, J.C. The New Industrial Society = The New Industrial State (1967). - AST , 2004. - 608 p. - ISBN 5-17-024777-X .
- Galbraith, J.K. Economic Theories and Goals of Society = Economics and the Public Purpose (1973). - M .: Progress , 1976. - 408 p.
- “Money: where they come from, where they go” (Money: whence it came, where it went, 1975)
- Galbraith, J. Life in our time. Memories = A Life in Our Times (1981). - M .: Progress , 1986. - 406 p.
- “Economics in Perspective” (Economics in Perspective, 1987).
- Galbraith J., Menshikov S. Capitalism, socialism, coexistence = Capitalism, Communism and Coexistence (1988). - M .: Progress , 1988.
- “Culture of Containment” (The Culture of Containment, 1992).
- The Economics of Innocent Cheating = The Economics of Innocent Fraud: Truth for Our Time. (2004) - Moscow: Europe, 2009. - 88 p.
Bibliography
- Blaug M. Galbraith, John // 100 Great Economists After Keynes = Great Economists. - SPb. : Economikus, 2009. - P. 70-73. - 384 s. - (Library of the "Economic School", vol. 42). - 1 500 copies - ISBN 978-5-903816-03-3 .
- Golbreyt John Kenneth / Sarychev VG // Gogol - Debit. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1972. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. Ed. AM Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, v. 7).
- Feldblyum V.D. Galbraith - the great explorer of modern capitalism
- John Kenneth Galbraith (English) . - article from Encyclopædia Britannica Online . The appeal date is June 9, 2014.
- Nogaev I.V. Economic pragmatism of John Kenneth Galbraith: To the 100th anniversary of his birth. - USA - Canada: economy, politics, culture., 2008. № 10 .. - p. 77 - 90 ..