The Illyrian provinces ( French Provinces illyriennes , Croat. Ilirske pokrajine , Slovenian. Ilirske province , Italian. Province Illiriche ) is an autonomous region within the First French Empire (1809-1813), consisting of Dalmatia , Istria and Krajina . The provinces were created by Napoleon on the Adriatic coast, ceded to him by Austria under the terms of the Schonbrunn peace (1809). At the head of the provinces was Marshal Marmont , then he was replaced by Junot and Foucher . The Congress of Vienna decided to return the Illyrian provinces to the Habsburgs , who created the kingdom of Illyria and the kingdom of Dalmatia on these lands.
| Vassal Republic of France | |||||
| Illyrian provinces | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
 Provinces of the French Empire in Illyria and Italy in 1810 | |||||
←  ←  ←   → → → →1809 - 1816 | |||||
| Capital | Laybach | ||||
| Population | 1500 thousand people | ||||
Content
History
Desiring to cut Austria off the sea, Napoleon I signed a decree in Schönbrunn : “The district of Villachsky , Krajna , the former Austrian Istria , Fiume and Trieste , the lands known as Litorale, part of Crozia and everything that is assigned to us on the right bank of the Sava , Dalmatia with islands henceforth they will be called the Illyrian provinces. " The provinces, therefore, included Krajina , western Carinthia , Gorizia , Istria , Dalmatia and Ragusa .
The second decree of April 15, 1811 defined more precisely the management of this "Slavic wall of the French-Italian states", which Napoleon, in his own words, proposed to create in Illyria. The provinces (3,200 leagues ² and 1,500,000 inhabitants) were to be managed separately from France by the governor-general of France , the financial commissary general, the commissioner for justice, and the three provincial commissaries.
The whole region was divided into 6 civilian provinces ( Carinthia or actually the Villachsky okrug, Krajna, Istria, civil Croatia , Dalmatia and Ragusa ) and one military (okrug 6 Croatian border regiments, the so-called. Croatia militaire). The Governor-General, whose seat was the city of Laibach , was appointed the famous Marshal Marmont , Duke of Ragusa.
Despite a short stay in Illyria and the blockade of maritime trade by the British, the French managed to do a lot for the culture of the country, took care of good roads and other public facilities, especially in Dalmatia. Only in Croatia militaire the previous laws remained, in other provinces was the Napoleonic code introduced. The Dalmatian quartermaster ( provenitore ), General Dejan , published a magnificent description of the country (Paris, 1825), with a wealth of data, especially on entomology.
The 1813 coalition destroyed the Illyrian provinces. In the fall of this year, Austrian troops, under the command of I. Hiller , entered here and expelled the already very thinning French troops. The Vienna Congress approved Austria in the possession of Illyria and on 3 August 1816 the former French provinces, with the separation of Dalmatia and Ragusa and the annexation of the Klagenfurt District of Carinthia and the districts of Cividase and Gradiska to Italy, became part of the lands of the Austrian crown as the kingdom of Illyria . The short experience of the existence of statehood strengthened the self-consciousness of the Yugoslav peoples and created the prerequisites for the flourishing of Illyrism [1] .
Notes
See also
- Republic of the seven islands
Literature
- Lovyagin A.M. Illyria // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Illyrian Provinces