Pecos timeline

In its original form, the Pecos Classification consisted of 8 stages without dates.

1. The Basketball Era I, or Early Basketmaker
2. The Era of the Basketman II, or the Basketman
3. The era of basketers III, or Post-Basketbakers (Post-Basketmaker)
4. Era of Pueblo I, or Proto-Pueblo (Proto-Pueblo)
5. Pueblo Era II
6. Era Pueblo III, or Great Pueblo (Great Pueblo)
7. Pueblo IV era, or Proto-Historic
8. Era Pueblo V, or Historic

Although the original classification has been repeatedly discussed and edited, the division into eras of basket baskers and pueblo is still the main one for analyzing the cultures of ancient pueblo living in the historical region of Four Corners .

Archaic Era

8000-1200 years BC e.

Evidence of habitat in the southwest until 8000 BC. e. preserved a little. An era is called archaic, encompassing previous Anasazi cultures that migrated to the southwest of the modern USA after the departure of big game hunters. Judging by the finds near Mount Navajo, these were roving hunter-gatherers migrating in small tribes. They collected wild plants, depending on the season, and hunted with spears and stone-tipped darts. The game included rabbits, deer, antelopes and large-horned rams.

Basketball Age I (obsolete)

In the initial classification, the Basketbasket I era was foreseen, which was subsequently included in the Archaic era due to the lack of physical evidence.

Around 1000 BC e. there is a transition to a sedentary lifestyle (the Oshar Tradition), small-scale cultivation.

The Early Basketball Era II

1200 BC e. - 50 year n e.

Early Anasazi set up temporary camps in open space or lived in seasonal cave dwellings. During this period, they began to cultivate corn and pumpkin in their gardens, but beans were not yet cultivated. They used special millstones to grind corn, made baskets, but did not yet know ceramics .

The Late Era of Basketbusters II

50-500 years BC e.

During this period, primitive storage bunkers, tombs and shallow well-houses were built. There are signs of a developed cult and management system. Petroglyphs are apparently associated with cult ceremonies of the time. The unification of small groups into large communities begins.

Basketball Age III

500-750 years BC e.

Deep well-houses develop along with above-ground premises. Bow and arrow displace atlatt and spear . The production of unglazed ceramics in black and white begins. The cultivation of beans begins, which appears in pueblo through trade with Mesoamerica , and which are prepared by cooking in ceramic dishes. Also, wild amaranth and pine seeds of the single coniferous are widely used in food . During this period, pueblo domesticated the turkey .

Protokivy were large, round and underground.

Era Pueblo I

750-900 years e.

The population is growing, settlements are increasing in size, agriculture is gradually becoming more complex and becoming more diverse. Pueblo turn into year-round rather than seasonal settlements. Reclamation tools are used - reservoirs and canals. Large settlements and large kivas appear , although the use of dwellings-wells continues. Elevated structures - from raw brick or rough stone. Pottery is dominated by simple gray, without glaze, although occasionally red and black and white are found.

Era Pueblo II

900-1150 years n. e.

Around 1050, the Chaco Canyon (in the territory of the modern state of New Mexico ) was a large regional center with a population of 1500-5000 people. It was surrounded by proto-cities with a standard layout, or "Big Houses", for the construction of which about 200 thousand trees were plagued. Roads 9 meters wide, framed at the edges by curbs, diverged from Chaco in various directions. Small blocks of ground-based stone structures, together with kiwa, formed a typical settlement-complex, later known as pueblo. Great kivas reached a diameter of 15-20 meters. Ceramics - corrugated gray without glaze and painted in black and white, sometimes painted red and orange vessels are found. Shellfish and turquoise were imported .

During the 1100s, the population began to grow again after the previous decline. This time is characterized by more intensive terraced farming using irrigation facilities.

Era Pueblo III

1150-1350 years BC e.

The settlements consist of large pueblo, rocky dwellings (see Gila, Bandelier, etc.), turrets and pens.

Most dwellings in the Four Corners region are abandoned by 1300, not least due to severe drought. The distinction between pueblo and Hohokam culture is gradually blurring.

Era Pueblo IV

1350-1600 years. e.

During this period, large pueblo were organized around the central square. From a social point of view, this is a period of conflict rather than cooperation. Kachin dolls appear. Smooth ceramic displaces corrugated. Red, orange, and yellow ceramics are increasingly being used, while ceramics painted in black and white are no longer in use. Cotton appears, its cultivation begins.

New cultures come to the territory of pueblo. In the early 1400s, more numerous Navajos migrated to the region from the north, and about 1540 the Spaniards arrived from the south.

Era Pueblo V

From 1600 to the present.

The Spaniards are gradually gaining control of all the Pueblo settlements, and the local subculture is being relegated to the background. The same situation continues after the transition of the southwest of North America to US control.

• Avatovi
• Aztec ruins
• Bandelier
• Woop
• Montezuma Castle
• Canyon De Cheilly
• Casas Grandes (Pakime)
• Lauri Pueblo
• Mesa Verde
• Pecos Pueblo
• Navajo Park
• Pueblo bonito
• Casa Grande Ruins
• Rock houses of Manitou
• Hila Valley Rock Dwellings
• Solmon ruins
• Tuzigut
• Hovenuip
• Hopey House
• Chaco Canyon
• Eget house

• Catherine M., and H. Wolcott Toll. “Deciphering the Organization of Production in Chaco Canyon (Organization of Production at Chaco Canyon conference papers).” American Antiquity 66.1 (Jan 2001): 5.
• Kidder, Alfred V. (1927). Southwestern Archaeological Conference. Science 66: 489-91.
• Kidder, Alfred V. (2000 ed.) "An Introduction to the study of Southwestern Archeology." Yale University. ISBN 0-300-08297-5