Belorusskaya (metro station, Zamoskvoretskaya line)

The plan for the construction of a metro line located along modern Tverskaya Street and Leningradsky Prospekt appeared in 1932 . Near the Belorussky station it was supposed to build a station. In the master plan for the reconstruction of Moscow in 1935 , the location of the future Belorusskaya metro station was finally approved. In the original project, the station was called "Belorussky Station" ^[3] .

The construction of the Belorusskaya metro was carried out in a closed way. In order to build the station lobby into the Belorussky railway station building, the architects had to replace the load-bearing wall with a colonnade ^[4] . It was assumed that Belorusskaya would have a second exit to the residential area (this project was not implemented). The station was opened on September 11, 1938 as part of the Sokol - Sverdlov Square (now Teatralnaya ) section of the second construction phase ^[1] , after putting into operation 22 stations in the Moscow Metro.

During World War II, the central command post was located at the Belorusskaya station, for which part of the platform was fenced off. The other part was used by passengers, and at night there was a bomb shelter ^[5] . Once during a bombing on the square of Belorussky Train Station, a water pipe was damaged, and water poured first into the machine room of escalators, and then onto the station platform. With great difficulty, water was stopped ^[6] .

In 1952 , the transition to the Belorusskaya station of the Circle Line was opened ^[1] . By the early 1970s, the original marble flooring was replaced with granite slabs ^[7] . In 1998 , new escalators were installed at the station ^[8] . In 2004 , the tiles covering the track walls of the station were replaced with marble ^[9] .

In the period from May 29 to December 10, 2010 , the transition to the Circle Line was closed. Repair work and replacement of escalators were carried out ^[10] . Commemorative tickets were issued by the opening of the crossing ^[11] .

Lobby

Belorusskaya metro station has one ground lobby built into the northeast wing of the Belorussky railway station ^[10] . Outside, the lobby is lined with black granite ^[12] . The lobby is divided into two rooms by a colonnade ^[4] and turnstiles . Paired columns are covered with white marble. The lining was carried out with the addition of entasis columns to the fusts ^[12] .

In the first hall there are ticket offices and two entrances. The main entrance to the station is located on the side of Tverskaya Zastava Square . The station also has a second entrance from Leningradsky Prospekt - a small bridge connects the Tverskoy overpass with doors on the second floor of the station building, from where a staircase leads to the cash register ^[4] . The walls of the cash register are lined with gray marble “ ufaly ” ^[10] .

In the second hall there is an escalator and access to Tverskaya Zastava Square. The walls of the escalator hall are lined with Birobidzhan marble of dark pink color with purple streaks ^{[4] [10]} . There is a commemorative inscription in the wall informing the opening date of the station.

The design of the connection of the escalator with the lobby is original for pre-war stations. For the escalator, an elliptical hole was made in the floor of the station, enclosed by a small barrier. Due to this, when climbing the escalator, passengers have a wide view of the lobby ^[4] . Subsequently, such a technique was widely used in the Moscow Metro ^{[10] [13]} . The three-belt escalator model ET-3M has a height of 30.6 meters ^[8] . It connects the lobby with the north end of the station.

Station Halls

The design of the station is a three-arch vaulted pylon of deep laying ( laying depth - 34 meters ^[4] ). Built on a typical project ^[1] . Lining made of cast-iron tubing .

In the facing of the station hall, three different grades of marble were used. Varying the shades of marble, the architects tried to reduce the feeling of the “subway” and to ensure that passengers feel like in an underground palace ^[14] . The naves of the station are separated from each other, and the central hall ^[15] acquires the main spatial and spatial significance. In order to visually lighten the heavy construction of the station, niches were arranged in the pylons from the side of the central hall, in each of which a lamp was installed on a bronze floor lamp ^[10] .

The pylons from the side of the central hall are faced with pink Birobidzhan marble ^[4] . The aisles between the pylons are lined with “give” marble ^[1] . The upper parts of the pylons are decorated with stucco made on the theme of Belarusian national ornaments ^[13] .

The semi-oval niches of the central hall are lined with onyx of various tones. If on the bottom of the niches onyx slabs have a dark tone and a sharp vein pattern, then at the upper rows of the tiles the pattern is lighter and calmer. Each vertical row of lining is framed with a bronze glazing bead to emphasize the texture of onyx ^[16] .

Initially, the floor of the central hall was covered with marble mosaics with a rich pattern ^[4] . Now the floor of the station is staggered with slabs of gray granite and black diabase ^[13] .

The track walls, originally decorated with blue glazed tiles, are now covered with white marble, in the lower part - black marble. The station is illuminated by hanging chandeliers of the central and side halls, as well as bronze floor lamps in the niches of the pylons of the central hall.

In the south end of the central hall, on a pedestal made of black diabase, a bust of V.I. Lenin from dark gray granite is installed ^[13] .

Architects of the station and lobby N. N. Andrikanis , N. A. Bykova ^[1] . The construction of the station was performed by Mine 79-80 (SMU-8) Mosmetrostroy (head F. Kuzmin) ^[17] . The platform hall of the Belorusskaya metro station and its ground lobby are identified objects of the cultural heritage of the city of Moscow ^{[18] [19]} .

Go to Ring Line

From the center of the hall you can transfer to the Belorusskaya station of the Ring Line (the transition was opened in 1952). The transition is equipped with a three-band ET25 escalator with stainless steel balustrades. At the end of the upper entrance of the passage there is a monumental sculptural group “Belarusian Partisans”. Eight original floor lamps, faced with marble and decorated with stone mosaics, are also installed there. The transition floor is covered with red and black granite, the walls are lined with marble ^[10] .

The Florence mosaic on the themes of the Belarusian national ornament was used in the design of the transition arches ^[10] . The architect of the Belorusskaya station, N. A. Bykova, noted that although the transition was poorly successful, the arches leading to the Circle Line turned out to be beautiful. Their design was worked by the artist G. I. Opryshko together with the architect I. G. Taranov ^[14] .

Behind the station there are revolving dead ends used for night sludge and maintenance of trains ^[20] . The stage between Belorusskaya and Dynamo stations is used to test trains, since it is direct and the maximum speed of 100 km / h is allowed on it ^[21] .

• The station code is 035 ^[1] .
• Depth of laying - 34 meters ^[4] .
• The length of the platform is 155 meters ^[22] .
• The diameter of the central hall is 9.5 meters, side 8.5 meters.
• Picket PK29 + 78 ^[20] .
• The distance to the Mayakovskaya station is 1023 meters; distance to Dynamo station - 2162 meters ^[4] (distance between station pickets).
• According to 1999 data, the daily passenger flow of the station was 33.14 thousand people, and the number of transfer passengers was 139.7 thousand people ^[23] . According to a 2002 statistical study, the passenger traffic of the station was: 50.5 thousand people at the entrance, 59.4 thousand people at the exit ^[24] .
• The opening time of the station for passengers to enter is 5 hours 30 minutes, the closing time is at 1 am ^[25] .
• The time table of the passage of the first train through the station ^[26] :

Belorusskaya metro station of the Zamoskvoretskaya line is located between Dynamo and Mayakovskaya stations. The ground lobby, built into the Belorussky Train Station building , has access to Tverskaya Zastava Square (next to the Tversky Overpass ). Gruzinsky Val Street and 2nd Brestskaya Street are located nearby ^[1] . Entrance address: Tverskaya Zastava Square, house 7. The distance from the station to the center of Moscow is 3.25 kilometers ^[27] .

Rail Transport

The Belorussky station serves long-distance trains of the western, south-western and northern directions. From the Belorussky railway station, the Smolensk direction of the Moscow Railway begins, which connects Moscow with the western regions of Russia, as well as with the Republic of Belarus , Lithuania , Poland , Germany and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe ^[28] .

Between Belorussky Train Station and Sheremetyevo Airport, the Aeroexpress high-speed train runs on schedule. Travel time - 35 minutes; ticket price - 470 rubles ^[29] .

Suburban trains from the station follow Belorussky, Kursk and Savelovsky directions.

Ground public transportation

There are several bus and trolleybus stops near the Belorusskaya metro station ^[30] :

• Stop Belorussky bus station number m1, 27, 82, 84, 101, 456, 904, 904k, 905; H1 (night) and trolleybuses No. 20, 70, 82 are located at the beginning of Leningradsky Prospekt (at the intersection with Nizhnyaya street and with the 1st street of Yamsky Polye ).
• Stop Belorussky bus station number m1, 101, 904; H1 (night) is located at the end of 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya street (at the intersection with Lesnaya street ).
• The stop of the Belorusskaya Metro bus number 12, T18 from September 23, 2017 is located directly opposite the entrance to the station.
• Metro station Belorusskaya Tram No. 7, 9 on Tverskaya Zastava Square.
• Stop 2 Brestskaya street of bus number 116 and trolleybus number 54 is located on 2nd Brestskaya street at the intersection with Gruzinsky Val street .

Attractions

On Tverskaya Zastava Square, 200 meters from the exit from the station, there is the Old Believer Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker , built in 1914 - 1921 . The church building is an architectural monument of federal significance ^[31] .

• At the Belorusskaya station, one of the episodes of Dmitry Glukhovsky ’s post-apocalyptic novel Metro 2033 unfolds. According to the book, the residents of Belorusskaya live off trade with all other stations, remaining independent ^[32] .

• List of Moscow metro stations

• Official site (old version) (unspecified) . Date of treatment January 4, 2014.
• Site "Moscow metro" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 4, 2014.
• The site "METRO.Photoalbum" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 4, 2014.
• The site "Walking on the subway" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 4, 2014.
• The site "Encyclopedia of our transport" (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 4, 2014.

• "Belarusian-Radial" in the program "Underground" on Radio801 ( unopened ) (inaccessible link) . Archived January 6, 2014. (Retrieved January 5, 2014)